畢業(yè)論文 汽車(chē)方向機(jī)總體設(shè)計(jì)及螺桿優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)

摘要:汽車(chē)轉(zhuǎn)向系已由傳統(tǒng)的機(jī)械式結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)展到現(xiàn)在的HPS、EPS和線控轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)，其中整體式循環(huán)球轉(zhuǎn)向器是液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向系的主要機(jī)構(gòu)。本課題系統(tǒng)地概述了汽車(chē)轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的國(guó)內(nèi)外發(fā)展動(dòng)態(tài)和各種轉(zhuǎn)向器的應(yīng)用狀況，綜合論述了HPS系統(tǒng)的工作原理、數(shù)學(xué)模型和性能特性。在參照國(guó)內(nèi)外各種類(lèi)型的基礎(chǔ)上，整合機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)、機(jī)械制造和汽車(chē)結(jié)構(gòu)等相關(guān)學(xué)科知識(shí)，以復(fù)雜產(chǎn)品的系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)法和分解協(xié)調(diào)法為指導(dǎo)思想，遵循需求分析、概要設(shè)計(jì)、詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)程序，建立了流程化設(shè)計(jì)模型，并進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的循環(huán)球轉(zhuǎn)向器總體設(shè)計(jì)，主要對(duì)螺桿螺母副等關(guān)鍵零部件進(jìn)行詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)。同時(shí)，利用CAD/CAE技術(shù)對(duì)循環(huán)球轉(zhuǎn)向器進(jìn)行三維建模和結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化分析，并以螺桿為例進(jìn)行了基于Pro/E的參數(shù)化結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，特別提出了兩種基于Ansys的轉(zhuǎn)向螺桿結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化方案。整個(gè)課題研究過(guò)程中的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)主要是一種基于汽車(chē)轉(zhuǎn)向器總體設(shè)計(jì)的機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)方法、設(shè)計(jì)思維和設(shè)計(jì)理念。
關(guān)鍵詞：HPS；轉(zhuǎn)向器；螺桿設(shè)計(jì)；參數(shù)化設(shè)計(jì)；優(yōu)化分析；流程化設(shè)計(jì)方法。

The Overall Design of Automotive Steering System and
The Optimization of Steering Screw

Abstract

Automotive Steering technology has Shifted from the traditional mechanical structure to the current development of HPS, EPS and wire steering system, of which the compositive recirculating ball steering gears is the main body of Hydraulic power steering system. This subject not only overviewed systematically the developments of domestic and international automobile steering system and the application of the steering gear, but also established a synthesis of the work of HPS systems theory , mathematical models and performance characteristics. On the basis of referring to all types at home and abroad , integrated knowledge of mechanical design, machinery manufacturing and automotive structures, and other related subjects . Took the way of designing complex product that Control something by coordinating and breaking as the guiding ideology to establish a progressive design models and obtain a detailed overall design of recirculating ball steering gears, following the procedure of requirements design, Summary design and the detailed design .The key parts of the detailed design are the designs of steering screw, nut and other principal component. At the same time, used of CAD/CAE technology to create three-dimensional modeling of recirculating ball steering gears and optimize structure, and then took the steering screw as an example for designing based on the technique of Pro/E parameters, particularly put forward two structural optimization programmers to steering screw on the Ansys soft. The foremost Innovation presenting on the  whole subject is the mechanical design methods, design ideas and design concepts based on the design of recirculating ball steering gears. 
Key Words: HPS; steering gears; Design of steering screw;  parametric design; optimization analysis; the way of progressive design

目錄

摘  要…………………………………………………………………………I
Abstract…………………………………………………………………………II

第1章 緒論…………………………………………………………………………………1
1.1 汽車(chē)轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)介……………………………………………………………1
1.2 動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)國(guó)內(nèi)外發(fā)展動(dòng)態(tài)……………………………………………1
1.3 汽車(chē)轉(zhuǎn)向器……………………………………………………………………2
1.3.1 齒輪齒條式轉(zhuǎn)向器…………………………………………………………2
1.3.2 循環(huán)球式轉(zhuǎn)向器……………………………………………………………2
1.3.3 蝸桿滾輪式轉(zhuǎn)向器…………………………………………………………3
1.3.4 蝸桿指銷(xiāo)式…………………………………………………………………3
1.4 轉(zhuǎn)向器發(fā)展動(dòng)態(tài)………………………………………………………………3
1.5 功能分析與課題意義………………………………………………………3
1.5.1 本課題研究?jī)?nèi)容……………………………………………………………3
1.5.2 選題意義……………………………………………………………………4
1.5.3 設(shè)計(jì)條件與要求……………………………………………………………4
1.6 設(shè)計(jì)思路與方法………………………………………………………………4
1.6.1 設(shè)計(jì)方法……………………………………………………………………4
1.6.2 設(shè)計(jì)思路……………………………………………………………………5

第2章 HPS基礎(chǔ)…………………………………………………………………………7
2.1 HPS的工作原理………………………………………………………………7
2.2 HPS的數(shù)學(xué)模型………………………………………………………………8
2.2.1 數(shù)學(xué)模型的建立……………………………………………………………8
2.2.2轉(zhuǎn)向系的剛度分析…………………………………………………………10
2.2.3 轉(zhuǎn)向靈敏性分析……………………………………………………………12

第3章 整體式循環(huán)球轉(zhuǎn)向器性能分析………………………………………14
3.1 整體式循環(huán)球轉(zhuǎn)向器………………………………………………………14
3.1.1 轉(zhuǎn)閥式循環(huán)球轉(zhuǎn)向器的結(jié)構(gòu)………………………………………………14
3.1.2 整體式循環(huán)球轉(zhuǎn)向器的市場(chǎng)優(yōu)勢(shì)…………………………………………14
3.2 循環(huán)球轉(zhuǎn)向器性能分析……………………………………………………16
3.2.1 轉(zhuǎn)向手力特性………………………………………………………………16
3.2.2 動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向器單位質(zhì)量輸出扭矩……………………………………………17
3.2.3 轉(zhuǎn)向器傳動(dòng)比特性…………………………………………………………17
3.2.4 轉(zhuǎn)向器傳動(dòng)間隙特性分析…………………………………………………18
3.2.5 轉(zhuǎn)向器的效率特性…………………………………………………………20
3.2.6 轉(zhuǎn)向器的其他性能…………………………………………………………20

第4章 汽車(chē)轉(zhuǎn)向器總體設(shè)計(jì)…………………………………………………………22
4.1 汽車(chē)轉(zhuǎn)向器總體設(shè)計(jì)流程與方法………………………………………22
4.2 整體式循環(huán)球轉(zhuǎn)向器結(jié)構(gòu)選型……………………………………………22
4.3 計(jì)算載荷………………………………………………………………………23
4.4 循環(huán)球轉(zhuǎn)向器結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算……………………………………………23
4.4.1 螺桿螺母?jìng)鲃?dòng)副設(shè)計(jì)………………………………………………………23
4.4.2 齒條齒扇傳動(dòng)副設(shè)計(jì)………………………………………………………29
4.4.3 轉(zhuǎn)閥設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………………………………………30
4.4.4 殼體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)………………………………………………………………31
4.4.5 油道與密封…………………………………………………………………32
4.5 基于PRO/E的汽車(chē)方向機(jī)三維建?！?3
4.5.1 CAD技術(shù)……………………………………………………………………34
4.5.2 汽車(chē)方向機(jī)主要零件建?！?4
4.5.3.汽車(chē)循環(huán)球轉(zhuǎn)向器的組裝…………………………………………………36

第5章 基于Pro/engineer和Ansys的螺桿優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)………………………38
5.1 CAE技術(shù)………………………………………………………………………38
5.1.1 CAE技術(shù)應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀…………………………………………………………38
5.1.2 CAE軟件的結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化技術(shù)及應(yīng)用…………………………………………38
5.2 螺桿優(yōu)化流程設(shè)計(jì)…………………………………………………………38
5.3 基于Pro/E的螺桿參數(shù)化設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………………40
5.4 螺桿有限元分析基礎(chǔ)………………………………………………………42
5.4.1 有限元法基本理論………………………………………………………42
5.4.2 Ansys軟件的分析步驟……………………………………………………42
5.5 螺桿結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化分析…………………………………………………………44
5.5.1 類(lèi)比分析……………………………………………………………………44
5.5.2 螺桿結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化方案拓展……………………………………………………51
5.5.3方案總結(jié)與展望……………………………………………………………53

第6章 課題總結(jié)與展望………………………………………………………………55
6.1 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)總結(jié)………………………………………………………55
6.2 問(wèn)題與解決方法…………………………………………………56
6.3 轉(zhuǎn)向器總體設(shè)計(jì)性能評(píng)估………………………………………………57
6.4 創(chuàng)新之處……………………………………………………………………57
6.5 展望…………………………………………………………………………58

參考文獻(xiàn)……………………………………………………………………………………59

致謝…………………………………………………………………………………………61

附錄…………………………………………………………………………………………62
      附錄I 美國(guó)TRW公司的兩種轉(zhuǎn)向器…………………………………………………62
      附錄II 轉(zhuǎn)向器結(jié)構(gòu)與配套車(chē)型………………………………………………………63