基于單片機的高溫測量儀設計
Design of high temperature measuring
instrument base onMCU

摘要
人類社會已進入信息時代，人們的社會活動主要依靠對信息資源的開發(fā)及獲取、傳輸與處理。在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)這個領域內(nèi)，廣泛的應用檢測技術，如生產(chǎn)過程中產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的檢測、產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的控制、提高生產(chǎn)的經(jīng)濟效益、節(jié)能和生產(chǎn)過程的自動化等等。這些都要測量生產(chǎn)過程中的有關參數(shù)和（或）進行反饋控制，以保證生產(chǎn)過程中的這些參數(shù)在最佳最優(yōu)狀態(tài)。在科學研究領域，人們通過觀察、實驗，從而找出新的規(guī)律，再上升為理論。因而能否通過觀察實驗得到結果，而且是可靠的結果，決定于檢測技術的水平，所以，從這個意義上講科學的發(fā)展、突破是以檢測技術的水平為基礎的。現(xiàn)代人們的日常生活中，也愈來愈離不開檢測技術。因此，檢測技術裝備的水平在很大程度上反映出一個國家的生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展和科學技術的現(xiàn)代化水平。
熱電偶在計量技術上是用得最多的溫度傳感器之一。它在測量學與各種生產(chǎn)技術上的應用十分廣泛。熱電偶的結構很簡單，制造也容易，價格美廉，有著很高的準確度，測量的溫度范圍廣泛。現(xiàn)在大部分熱工儀表，都將熱電偶作為溫度傳感器。
本篇文章主要介紹在高溫測量上，用MCS-51單片機系統(tǒng)與傳統(tǒng)的溫度測量元件熱電偶結合做成的溫度檢測系統(tǒng)。此設計的測量原理簡單，數(shù)學模型通俗,選用的是精密度好的元器件和有抗干擾、低溫漂等精密度高的電子元器件。此測量儀器，有著使用方便、能穩(wěn)定測量、可靠、測量的溫度范圍廣等特點。

關鍵詞溫度檢測熱電偶溫度補償單片機

Abstract
The human society has entered the age of information, the people's social activities relies mainly on the information resources development and access, transmission and processing. In the industrial production within this field, wide application of testing technology, such as production process of product quality inspection, product quality control, improve the production efficiency, energy saving and economic production process automation and so on. The measuring the parameters in the process of production and (or) feedback control to ensure production process of these parameters in the best optimal state. In scientific research fields, people through the observation, the experiment, as to find out the new rules, rise again for the theory. So if I can pass the watching the experiment results, and is reliable results, depending on the level of testing technology, so, in this sense the development of science, is the level of testing technology breakthrough for the foundation. The modern People's Daily life, also more and more without testing technology. Therefore, detection technology and equipment level in the largely reflects a country's development of productive forces and the modernization level of science and technology.
In measuring technology is on thermocouple most used one of the temperature sensor. It in surveying and various production technology used widely. The structure of the thermocouple is very simple, and easy to make, the price beauty, with high accuracy, measurement of the temperature range. Now in most of the thermal instruments, thermocouple are used as a temperature sensor.
This article mainly introduced is high temperature measurement in, with MCS-51 SCM system and the traditional general temperature measurement components made of thermocouple temperature detection system combined. The design principle of measurement of the simple, mathematical model popular, chooses is precision good components and have anti-jamming, low temperature, high precision of the drift of electronic components. The measuring instrument, has a convenient use, can stabilize a measurement, reliable, measurement of the temperature range, etc.

Key word   Temperature detection thermocouple
temperaturecompensation microcontroller

目錄
第1章緒論 1
1.1 高溫測量儀的應用及意義 1
1.2 國內(nèi)測溫的發(fā)展研究概況 1
1.2.1利用物體熱脹冷縮原理制成的溫度計 1
1.2.2利用熱阻效應技術制成的溫度計 2
1.2.3利用熱輻射原理制成的高溫計 2
1.2.4利用聲學原理進行溫度測量 2
1.2.5利用紅外測技術溫 2
1.2.6利用熱電效應技術制成的溫度檢測元件 2
第2章高溫測量儀的組成及硬件設計 3
2.1 系統(tǒng)總體設計 3
2.2 測溫傳感器的確定 3
2.2.1常用熱電偶介紹 4
2.2.2 熱電勢的產(chǎn)生 5
2.2.3  熱電偶閉合回路電勢的計算 6
2.3溫度補償設計 6
2.4放大電路設計 8
2.5  A／D轉換器的選擇 12
2.6 單片機簡介 14
2.7  LCD1602顯示模塊 15
第3章控制器的軟件設計 17
3.1系統(tǒng)軟件總體設計 17
3.2  A/D轉換子程序設計 18
3.3 線性化標度變換程序設計 19
3.4  DS18B20程序設計 21
3.5  LCD1602程序設計 23
第4章調(diào)試與誤差分析 25
4.1 軟件調(diào)試 25
4.1.1 PROTEUS簡介 25
4.1.2 軟件調(diào)試過程及結果 25
4.1.3 硬件調(diào)試過程及結果 26
4.2 誤差分析 26
4.2.1 軟件誤差 27
4.2.2 硬件誤差 27
第5章總結與展望 29
5.1 總結 29
5.2 展望 29
致謝 31