基于DSP的數(shù)字濾波器的設(shè)計(jì)

摘  要:隨著計(jì)算機(jī)和信息技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展，數(shù)字信號(hào)處理已經(jīng)成為高速實(shí)時(shí)處理的一項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，廣泛應(yīng)用在語音識(shí)別、智能檢測(cè)、工業(yè)控制等各個(gè)領(lǐng)域。數(shù)字濾波器是對(duì)數(shù)字信號(hào)實(shí)現(xiàn)濾波的線性時(shí)不變系統(tǒng)。數(shù)字濾波實(shí)質(zhì)上是一種運(yùn)算過程，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)信號(hào)的運(yùn)算處理。
數(shù)字信號(hào)處理(Digital Signal Processing，簡(jiǎn)稱DSP)是一門涉及許多學(xué)科而又廣泛應(yīng)用于許多領(lǐng)域的新興學(xué)科。20世紀(jì)60年代以來，隨著計(jì)算機(jī)和信息技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展，數(shù)字信號(hào)處理技術(shù)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生并得到迅速的發(fā)展。數(shù)字信號(hào)處理是利用傳感器對(duì)模擬信號(hào)或數(shù)字信號(hào)進(jìn)行采集并把其轉(zhuǎn)換成計(jì)算機(jī)可識(shí)別的電信號(hào)，并利用計(jì)算機(jī)對(duì)信號(hào)進(jìn)行處理以達(dá)到計(jì)算機(jī)輔助控制或是計(jì)算機(jī)自動(dòng)控制的目的。
DSP 芯片是一種特別適合數(shù)字信號(hào)處理運(yùn)算的微處理器，主要用來實(shí)時(shí)、快速地實(shí)現(xiàn)各種數(shù)字信號(hào)處理算法。用DSP芯片實(shí)現(xiàn)FIR數(shù)字濾波器，不僅具有精確度高、不受環(huán)境影響等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，而且因DSP芯片的可編程性，可方便地修改濾波器參數(shù)，從而改變?yōu)V波器的特性，設(shè)計(jì)十分靈活。
本課題主要應(yīng)用MATLAB軟件設(shè)計(jì)FIR數(shù)字濾波器，應(yīng)用DSP集成開發(fā)環(huán)境CCS調(diào)試匯編程序，本文結(jié)合TM320C5402的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)，介紹了一種FIR濾波器在TM320C5402中的實(shí)現(xiàn)方法。

關(guān)鍵詞:  數(shù)字濾波；IIR；FIR；DSP；TM320C5402；MATLAB

 
The Design of FIR Digital Filters Based on DSP
Abstract: Along with the rapid development of the computer and information technology, digital signal processing has become a key technology of high-speed real-time processing, widely used in speech recognition, intelligent detection, industrial control etc. Digital filter is a linear time-invariant system which can filter the digital signal. Essentially digital filter is a computation process which can achieve the operation of signal processing.
Digital Signal Processing is a novel disciplines which involved many areas and widely used in many field. Since the 1960s, along with the rapid development of the computer and information technology, digital signal processing technology arises and develops rapidly. Digital signal processing is using the sensors to acquire the analog signals or digital signal and convert it to the electrical signals which can recognize by computers, then using the computer to process the signal in order to achieve the aim to achieve automatic control by computers.
DSP is a suitable chip for digital signal processing operation especially, usually used for achieving the digital signal processing algorithm real-timely and quickly. Using DSP chip realizes the FIR digital filters, not only has high precision, not environmental influences, but also can easily modify filter parameters which can change characteristics of the filter; the design process is very flexible, because of the programmable characteristics of DSP. 
This paper design the FIR digital filter by the MATLAB, and using the integrated development environment of DSP------CCS to debug the assemble language, finally combining with the structure characteristics of TM320C5402, this paper presents a realization method of FIR filter by TM320C5402.

Key words: digital filter; IIR; FIR; DSP; TM320C5402; MATLAB
 
 
目    錄
1  緒  論 1
1.1濾波器的分類及基本結(jié)構(gòu) 1
1.1.1橫截型結(jié)構(gòu) 2
1.1.2 級(jí)聯(lián)型結(jié)構(gòu)式 3
1.1.3 頻率抽樣型結(jié)構(gòu) 3
1.1.4 快速卷積型結(jié)構(gòu) 4
1.2 數(shù)字濾波器的應(yīng)用以及國內(nèi)外發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 5
1.3 本課題的研究目的意義及主要內(nèi)容 5
2 FIR數(shù)字濾波器的設(shè)計(jì) 6
2.1濾波原理及線性相位濾波器的特點(diǎn) 6
2.1.1濾波原理 6
2.1.2線性相位條件 7
2.1.3線性相位FIR濾波器頻率響應(yīng)的特點(diǎn) 9
2.2 窗函數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)法 10
2.3 梯形窗函數(shù) 11
2.3.1梯形窗函數(shù)的時(shí)域特性 11
2.3.2梯形窗函數(shù)的頻域特性 12
2.3.3梯形窗函數(shù)的性能分析 12
2.4窗函數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)法的步驟及注意事項(xiàng) 13
3 FIR數(shù)字濾波器的MATLAB仿真 14
3.1 信號(hào)處理工具箱 14
3.2 濾波器的性能指標(biāo)及MATLAB仿真 15
3.3 對(duì)于采用不同窗函數(shù)的研究 18
4 FIR數(shù)字濾波器的DSP實(shí)現(xiàn) 21
4.1 DSP系統(tǒng)和應(yīng)用及TMS320C54x平臺(tái) 21
4.1.1 DSP系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成 21
4.1.2 DSP系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn) 21
4.1.3 DSP的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域 22
4.1.4 TMS320C54x平臺(tái) 22
4.2 數(shù)字濾波器的實(shí)現(xiàn)方法 23
4.3 FIR數(shù)字濾波器的DSP實(shí)現(xiàn) 23
5 結(jié)論 27
參考文獻(xiàn) 28
致 謝 29
附 錄 30