51系列單片機(jī)教學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)板硬件設(shè)計(jì)論文

51系列單片機(jī)教學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)板硬件設(shè)計(jì)
摘  要
在全國高等院校電子信息類專業(yè)中，已普遍開設(shè)單片機(jī)及其相關(guān)課程。單片機(jī)課程是大中專院校電子類專業(yè)實(shí)踐性、應(yīng)用性和工程性很強(qiáng)的專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)課或?qū)I(yè)選修課。從加強(qiáng)學(xué)生能力培養(yǎng)的要求來看，這類課程僅在課堂上講授基本原理是不夠的，必須在教學(xué)中加強(qiáng)實(shí)踐環(huán)節(jié)，讓學(xué)生有足夠的實(shí)踐機(jī)會(huì)。其中，單片機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)板就是一個(gè)很好的學(xué)習(xí)單片機(jī)的工具。
目前，市場上單片機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)板的種類較多。此次設(shè)計(jì)的實(shí)驗(yàn)板的特點(diǎn)是將各種單元電路合理的拼湊在一塊大印刷電路板上，構(gòu)成一個(gè)有機(jī)的整體。設(shè)計(jì)中利用Protel99SE軟件先設(shè)計(jì)原理圖，然后進(jìn)行元件封裝， PCB出圖，最后是制板。它與傳統(tǒng)的教學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)板相比有如下的優(yōu)點(diǎn)：⑴價(jià)格低廉；⑵使用簡單方便，只要有帶RS232串口的PC機(jī)就能進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)；⑶功能全，基本上具備單片機(jī)常用的接口，如數(shù)模轉(zhuǎn)換、模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換、存儲(chǔ)器、LED數(shù)碼管顯示、鍵盤人機(jī)接口、串行接口、溫度傳感器接口等等。采用本仿真開發(fā)實(shí)驗(yàn)板，可使初學(xué)者迅速掌握單片機(jī)原理及應(yīng)用，熟悉匯編語言、單片機(jī)C語言。

關(guān)鍵詞：單片機(jī)；實(shí)驗(yàn)板；接口電路；C語言
 
51 Series Single-chip Teaching Experimental Board
Hardware Design
Abstract
National institutions of higher learning in the professional category of electronic information, has generally been the creation of single-chip and its related programs.
Single-chip college is the course professional practice of electronic institutions, applied and engineering foundation for a strong professional or professional elective courses. From the requirements of students capacity-building perspective, such courses are taught only the basic principles of the classroom is not enough, we must strengthen the teaching practice, to allow sufficient opportunity to practice. Among them, single-chip experimental board is a good learning tool for the students. At present, more types of experimental plate in the single-chip market. The designed board is characterized by a variety of units circuit will be reasonable together on a large printed circuit board and then constitute an organic whole. The design make use of Protel99SE software to design schematic diagram, and then packaging components, PCB map, and finally the system board. It compared to the traditional teaching has the following advantages: ⑴ The prize cheap. ⑵ Use it simple, there is as long as RS232 serial port with the PC machines will be able to carry out such experiments. ⑶ Wide features, the board basically has the interface with commonly used single-chip, full-to-analog converter, analog-to-digital conversion, memory, LED digital display, keyboard man-machine interface, serial interface, temperature sensor interface and so on. The development of the use of the simulation experiment board, beginners can quickly grasp the principle and application of single-chip, and is familiar with assembly language, microcontroller C language. Beginners use the development of the simulation experiment board, can quickly grasp the principle and application of single-chip, and are familiar with assembly language, Single-chip C language.

Key words: microcomputer; experimental plate; interface circuit; C language
 
目  錄
摘  要 I
Abstract II
第一章 引   言 1
1.1 研究背景和意義 1
1.2研究現(xiàn)狀 2
1.3本文主要的研究工作 2
第二章 實(shí)驗(yàn)板硬件電路設(shè)計(jì) 4
2.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)板的MCU選型 4
2.1.1 單片機(jī)選型原則 4
2.1.2 AT89S51單片機(jī)簡介 5
2.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)板總體簡介 8
2.2.1 單片機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)功能 8
2.2.2 硬件總體邏輯結(jié)構(gòu) 9
2.3 單片機(jī)最小系統(tǒng)的電路說明 9
2.4 模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換器ADC0809的接口電路 9
2.4.1 ADC0809 芯片及內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)簡介 9
2.4.2信號(hào)引腳 9
2.4.3 MCS-51 單片機(jī)與ADC0809的接口 9
2.4.4 轉(zhuǎn)換數(shù)據(jù)的傳送 9
2.4數(shù)模轉(zhuǎn)換器DAC0832的接口電路 9
2.4.1 DAC0832 簡介 9
2.4.2 DAC0832的工作方式 9
2.4.3 電壓輸出電路的連接 9
2.4.4 DAC0832與單片機(jī)的連接 9
2.5數(shù)據(jù)/程序存儲(chǔ)器24C02 9
2.5.1.24C02芯片簡介 9
2.5.2 24C02與單片機(jī)的連接 9
2.6 并行接口芯片8255A的接口電路 9
2.6.1 8255A的基本特性 9
2.6.2 8255A的外部特性和內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu) 9
2.6.2.1外部引腳 9
2.6.2.2 8255內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu) 9
2.6.3 8255A的編程命令 9
2.7 LCD1602液晶顯示 9
2.7.1 LCD 1602的引腳圖 9
2.7.2 1602液晶顯示的指令命令 9
2.7.3 LCD1602與單片機(jī)的接口電路 9
2.8動(dòng)態(tài)LED顯示與鍵盤 9
2.8.1數(shù)碼管的分類 9
2.8.2顯示接口簡介 9
2.8.2.1靜態(tài)顯示概念 9
2.8.2.2 動(dòng)態(tài)顯示概念 9
2.8.3  動(dòng)態(tài)顯示接口電路 9
2.9 鍵盤電路 9
2.9.1 鍵盤簡介 9
2.9.2 獨(dú)立式按鍵 9
2.9.2.1 獨(dú)立式按鍵結(jié)構(gòu) 9
2.9.2.2 獨(dú)立式按鍵的軟件結(jié)構(gòu) 9
2.9.3 矩陣式鍵盤的結(jié)構(gòu)及原理 9
2.9.4 鍵盤的編碼 9
2.9.5 鍵盤的工作方式 9
2.9.5.1 定時(shí)掃描方式 9
2.9.5.2 中斷掃描方式 9
2.9.5.3 鍵盤電路 9
2.10 DS18B20溫度傳感器接口 9
2.10.1  DS18B20溫度傳感器簡介 9
2.10.2 DS18B20的特性。 9
2.10.3 DS18B20的外形和內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu) 9
2.10.4 DS1820與單片機(jī)的連接 9
2.11 RS-232串行接口 9
2.11.1 串行通信基本原理 9
2.11.1.1異步串行通信的字符格式 9
2.11.1.2串行通信的傳送速率 9
2.11.2  RS－232C總線標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 9
2.11.3 單片機(jī)串口通訊的硬件電路 9
2.12 實(shí)驗(yàn)板蜂鳴器驅(qū)動(dòng)電路 9
2.14 實(shí)驗(yàn)板PCB設(shè)計(jì) 9
第三章 實(shí)驗(yàn)板軟件設(shè)計(jì)及調(diào)試 9
3.1實(shí)驗(yàn)板流水燈程序 9
3.2實(shí)驗(yàn)板A/D采樣程序 9
3.3實(shí)驗(yàn)板串口程序 9
第四章 設(shè)計(jì)總結(jié) 9
參考文獻(xiàn) 9
附錄A 9
附錄B 9
附錄C 9
附錄D 9
附錄E 9
附錄F 9
致  謝 9