一類兩層供應(yīng)鏈庫存問題的研究

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摘 要
本課題研究來源于國家自然科學(xué)基金項目（項目號：70471045）：基于隨機需求與不對稱信息的供應(yīng)鏈協(xié)調(diào)與量折扣研究。
供應(yīng)鏈管理的重要內(nèi)容之一是協(xié)調(diào)供應(yīng)鏈中各個組成部分的庫存管理問題，因為供應(yīng)鏈的各環(huán)節(jié)中都在不同程度上持有一定量的庫存，在市場競爭日益激烈的環(huán)境下，庫存控制對于供應(yīng)鏈各組成部分以及整個供應(yīng)鏈的利潤都有重要的影響，對減少運作成本、提高經(jīng)濟效率起著重要的作用。庫存控制作為供應(yīng)鏈穩(wěn)固和運營的重要手段已經(jīng)引起了學(xué)術(shù)界和企業(yè)界的廣泛關(guān)注，對供應(yīng)鏈管理中的庫存問題進行深入分析和綜合研究具有重要的理論意義和現(xiàn)實意義。
本文首先總結(jié)了國內(nèi)外關(guān)于供應(yīng)鏈庫存管理方面問題的研究成果，在此基礎(chǔ)上引入本課題的出發(fā)點，進而提出研究的內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)，同時給出了本研究的創(chuàng)新點。在緊接著的第二部分中，我們介紹了供應(yīng)鏈庫存管理的理論基礎(chǔ)、供應(yīng)鏈庫存管理的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展歷程以及現(xiàn)代供應(yīng)鏈庫存管理中存在的問題和解決方法，為接下來的課題提供了一定的研究基礎(chǔ)和依據(jù)。
第三部分著重從供應(yīng)商管理庫存（VMI）的角度來研究兩層供應(yīng)鏈的庫存問題。供應(yīng)商管理庫存是考慮供應(yīng)商和定貨商雙方利益的一種庫存管理方式，它通過溝通和協(xié)調(diào)，共同制訂庫存策略，以降低供應(yīng)鏈系統(tǒng)庫存總成本，達到供需雙方雙贏的目的。供應(yīng)商管理庫存在大量的研究中表明，其工作效率比其它管理模式更高，尤其是可以大幅度降低庫存和分銷成本，是一種較好的管理模式。在此出發(fā)點上，本文針對一個供應(yīng)商和一個訂貨商，在實行VMI的策略下，考慮一種產(chǎn)品，建立相應(yīng)的庫存模型。
最后，我們將建立的模型進行推廣，并在隨后延伸到一個供應(yīng)商和多個訂貨商的情形。

關(guān)鍵詞：供應(yīng)鏈管理 庫存管理 供應(yīng)商管理庫存 短缺

A Study On Inventory Problems Of a Two-Tier SupplyChain
Abstract
The research is supported by the national natural science foundation: (grant number: 70471045 ): supply chain coordination and quantity discount research based on stochastic demand and asymmetric information.
One of important contents of the supply chain is to coordinate management question in each constituent inventory. Because various links of supply chain all have the ration inventory in varying degrees, Under the market competition environment intensely day by day, The inventory control has the important influence regarding each constituent of supply chain as well as the entire supply chain profit, what’s more, which has vital role to reduces the operation cost, enhances the economic efficiency together. It has already caused the academic circles and the business community widespread attention as an important method to make supply chain stably. To inventory question to carry on the thorough analysis and the synthetic study has the important theory significance and the practical significance.
This article first summarized domestic and foreign research results about the supply chain inventory management, introduces the starting point of this topic in this foundation, then proposed the research content and the structure, Simultaneously has given this research innovation spot. In the following second part, we introduced the supply chain inventory management rationale, production and the development course as well as the questions existed in the modern supply chain inventory management and the solution, for the topic which met down have provided certain research foundation and the basis.
The third part emphatically study the inventory from the supplier’s angle to study two-tier supply chain inventory questions. The VMI is one inventory management way which considers both benefits of the supplier and buyer, it draws up the inventory strategy through the communication and the coordination, reduces the supply chain system inventory total cost, achieves win-win goal both the supply and demand. In the massive research VMI indicated that, its working efficiency is higher than other management pattern, may reduce the inventory and the retailing cost large scale in particular, is one kind of good management pattern. In this starting point, this article in view of a supplier and a buyer, under the strategy of VMI, considered one product, establishes the corresponding inventory model.
Finally, We will promote the established model, and will afterwards be extending to a supplier and many buyers’ situation.

Key words: supply chain management; inventory management; VMI；shortage

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