空調(diào)機的溫度控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計







摘要



空調(diào)機的溫度控制對于工業(yè)和日常生活等工程都具有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。本文將傳統(tǒng)控制理論與智能控制理論相結(jié)合應(yīng)用于溫度控制的實際工程中。首先，設(shè)計出系統(tǒng)的硬件構(gòu)成，然后，從熱力學(xué)的角度對溫度對象的特性做了較深入的分析，從理論上推導(dǎo)出溫度對象的常用的一階帶純滯后的近似數(shù)學(xué)模型，并給出了數(shù)學(xué)模型中各參數(shù)的含義。在此基拙上，本文分析了現(xiàn)有空調(diào)機控制方法的利弊，并針對它們各自的優(yōu)、缺點，對具有純滯后特性的溫度對象提出一種改進的模糊控制方法。該方法將模糊控制、PID控制結(jié)合起來。通過數(shù)字仿真表明該方法對空調(diào)機溫度的控制具有超調(diào)小(可達到無超調(diào))、調(diào)節(jié)時間短、魯棒性好等優(yōu)點。在此基拙上，用階躍信號做激勵，辨識出系統(tǒng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型。本文的最后，通過對實物實驗結(jié)果可以看出，本文所提出的改進的模糊控制算法對非線性、具純滯后環(huán)節(jié)對象的控制是很有效的。溫度控制系統(tǒng)的軟件采用匯編語言編制，控制算法部分采用C與匯編混合編程。該軟件基于Windows20000/xp平臺，人機界面友好，易于用戶操作。具有在線修改采樣時間、控制算法、控制參數(shù)、圖形顯示及數(shù)據(jù)保存和打印功能。設(shè)計的空調(diào)機溫度控制的精確性，使用方便，功能齊全。





關(guān)鍵詞:PWM控制  模型辨識  模糊控制  PID控制





 





 





 





 Abstract



The thesis studies the Plant of temperature. Firstly，the systeml5 designed and realized. Then the characteristics of temperature of Plant are analyzed inall details from thermodynamics. The approximate mathematics model of temperature plant with one order and dead time is reduced and the meaning of every parameter of this model are expressed, Which is used often and practically in the paper. In addition tot his, we identify the model of the system and the result demonstrated the method is effective for it.



Secondly we analyzed advantages and disadvantages of present control method of temperature. One kind of improved Fuzz-Dahlin control method is presented for Temperature Plant with long dead time and non-linearity. The Dahlin control method, The fuzzy control method are combined in this improved method It is demon strated By digital simulation that the improved Fuzzy-Dahlin makes the extra-regulation more small(even zero), the regulation time more short, and the robustness better for the temperature controlled Plant. It is demonstrated by physical experimentation that improved Fuzzy-Dahlin method presented in this Paper is effective for temperature plant with dead time and non-linearity.



The control software is compiled with visualc++ and matlab .It's easy to use and friendly to the interface of person and machine on the basis of window2000/xpplatform.There are some functions as modify sample time or modify controller's parameters online, display and copy data of temperature curve, and so on. The control hardware is easy to use and its functions are self contained.









Keywords: Intelligent control, model identify, Dahlin control, Fuzzy control, PID control



目錄



摘要 I



Abstract - 2 -



目錄 - 3 -



前言 - 4 -



1 MCS-51單片機簡介 - 8 -



1.1芯片的引腳描述 - 8 -



1.2 MSC-51單片機中央處理器 - 11 -



2 溫度控制系統(tǒng)的實現(xiàn) - 13 -



2.1總體設(shè)計 - 13 -



2.2信號采樣電路設(shè)計 - 14 -



2.2.1溫度采樣電路設(shè)計 - 14 -



2.2.2單片機最小系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計 - 16 -



2.3 A/D轉(zhuǎn)換電路設(shè)計 - 18 -



2.3.1 A/D轉(zhuǎn)換的常用方法 - 18 -



2.3.2 A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器的主要技術(shù)指標 - 19 -



2.3.3 ADC0809的主要特性和內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu) - 19 -



2.3.4 ADC0809管腳功能及定義 - 20 -



2.3.5 ADC0809與8031的接口電路 - 22 -



2.4軟件系統(tǒng)的初始化程序 - 22 -



2.5軟件程序的主循環(huán)框架 - 23 -



2.6校準程序 - 25 -



3 控制算法的研究 - 27 -



3.1 PID算法的研究 - 27 -



3.2模糊控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 - 27 -



3.2.1模糊控制算法 - 28 -



3.2.2模糊控制的基本概念 - 29 -



3.2.3模糊控制過程 - 30 -



總結(jié) - 35 -



致謝 - 36 -



參考文獻 - 37 -