基于單片機的智能充電器的設計

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
摘  要：針對充電器的工作特點，設計了一種以AT89C2051單片機為核心的智能充電器，較好地解決鋰離子電池和鎳氫/鎳鎘電池的充電問題。介紹了智能充電器的工作原理，設計特點和3種充電模式。詳細討論了系統(tǒng)的硬件構(gòu)成及軟件實現(xiàn)方法，給出了實驗測試結(jié)果。采用高性能的單片機及高分辨率的A/D轉(zhuǎn)換電路，充電過程采用模糊控制方法，保證了充電器具有很高的精度。實驗證明，所設計的充電器功耗低、成本低、系統(tǒng)工作穩(wěn)定可靠、智能化程度高。
　　　
關鍵詞：單片機；A/D轉(zhuǎn)換；智能充電器；硬件構(gòu)成；程序設計

Intelligent Charger Based on Single-chip Microcomputer
Abstract: For the characteristics of charger, an intelligent charger is presented. The design is developed for the charger of Li-ion and NIMH/NICD battery pack based on AT89C2051 single-chip microcomputer. The work principle and design characteristics and three charge mode are introduced, and then the hardware structure and the software implement are analyzed in detail. Finally, the experiment result is given. Due to the high performance of microcontroller and high resolution of A/D convert circuit, meanwhile adopting fuzzy control method, the design can guarantee high system accuracy. The charger is low power dissipate, considerable reliability and low cost.
Key words: single-chip computer; A/D convert; intelligent charger; hardware structure; program design

目    錄
摘要……………………………………………………………………………………………1
1 引言…………………………………………………………………………………………3
2 控制法介紹…………………………………………………………………………………3
3 充電器設計分析……………………………………………………………………………3
3.1 鎳鎘電池、鎳氫電池充電模式…………………………………………………………3
3.2 鋰離子電池充電模式……………………………………………………………………4
3.3 自適應充電模式…………………………………………………………………………5
3.4 錯誤處理模式……………………………………………………………………………5
4 充電器硬件設計……………………………………………………………………………5
4.1 充電器芯片MAX846A…………………………………………………………………5
4.2 ADC0832…………………………………………………………………………………6
4.3 74HC164…………………………………………………………………………………8
4.4 硬件設計結(jié)構(gòu)……………………………………………………………………………8
5 系統(tǒng)軟件設計……………………………………………………………………………10
5.1 模糊控制方法…………………………………………………………………………10
5.2 均衡充電………………………………………………………………………………10
5.3 軟件設計實現(xiàn)…………………………………………………………………………11
6 結(jié)束語……………………………………………………………………………………12
參考文獻……………………………………………………………………………………13