FPGA在數(shù)字交換機中的應用


摘要
　　　當今社會數(shù)字集成電路得到廣泛的應用。得益于數(shù)字集成電路的飛速發(fā)展，數(shù)字程控交換機在性能得到的極大提升的同時，成本卻大幅下降，容量為幾十門到幾百門電話的中小型程控交換機得以普及。今年來酒店業(yè)和服務行業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展，又給數(shù)字程控交換機提供了一個廣闊的市場空間。
　　　在整個數(shù)字程控交換系統(tǒng)中，按照通信流程完成語音數(shù)據(jù)的交換是實現(xiàn)各種擴展功能的前提和基礎。目前很多數(shù)字程控交換機中采用的是專用交換芯片，這樣做的好處是讓研發(fā)的過程變得比較簡單。缺點是交換機容量和功能也被限定，擴展性很差。由于企業(yè)的規(guī)模有大有小，數(shù)字程控交換機的研發(fā)企業(yè)更希望有一種靈活性好，便于擴展的系統(tǒng)平臺，以滿足各種規(guī)模的市場需求。
　　　本課題選擇FPGA(Filed Programmable Gate Array)代替專用交換芯片完成語音數(shù)據(jù)的交換工作。本文著重介紹了控制板上FPGA的內(nèi)部模塊劃分和模塊的設計，主要包括數(shù)據(jù)收集模塊、接口狀態(tài)檢測模塊、FPGA和DSP(Digital Signal Processor)的接口、語音數(shù)據(jù)交換模塊等等。詳細介紹了FPGA如何與嵌入式應用程序以及DSP一起，按照通信流程完成語音數(shù)據(jù)的交換并實現(xiàn)各種擴展功能。
　　　
關鍵詞 程控交換機；集成電路；FPGA；語音交換
FPGA in Digital Program-controlled Switches
Abstract
    Today's society Digital Integrated Circuits has been widely used. Thanks to the rapid development of Digital Integrated Circuits, Digital Program-controlled Switches, greatly enhance the performance, the cost of substantial decline in the capacity of small and medium-sized program-controlled switchboards dozens of doors to hundreds of telephone to popularize. This year the hotel industry and the rapid development of service industries, and gave the Digital Program-controlled Switches to provide a broad market space.
    Digital telephone switching system, in accordance with the communication process to complete the exchange of voice and data is the prerequisite and basis for various extensions. A lot of Digital Program-controlled Switches, Application Specific Integrated Circuits, the benefits of doing so is to make research and development process is relatively simple. The disadvantage is that the switch capacity and functionality is limited, scalability is poor. Enterprises vary greatly in size, R & D companies of the Digital Program-controlled Switches also hope that there is a flexibility, scalable platform to meet the market needs of all sizes.
    The topics chosen for the FPGA (Filed Programmable Gate Array) instead of Application Specific Integrated Circuits to complete the exchange of voice and data. This article focuses on the control board FPGA internal module division and module design, including data collection module, interface status detection module, FPGA and DSP (Digital Signal Processor) interface, voice and data exchange module. Described in detail and embedded applications, and DSP, FPGA how to complete the exchange of voice data, in accordance with the communication process and to achieve a variety of extensions.

Keywords  Program-controlled Switches; Integrated Circuits; FPGA;
           Voice switching
不要刪除行尾的分節(jié)符，此行不會被打印
目錄
摘要 I
Abstract II

第1章 緒論 1
1.1 課題背景 1
1.2設計任務和內(nèi)容 2
第2章 數(shù)字交換機原理 3
2.1 數(shù)字交換機 3
2.1.1 硬件組成 3
2.1.2 軟件組成 4
2.1.3 主要分類 4
2.1.4 方案比較 5
2.2 PCW技術(shù) 8
2.3 FPGA技術(shù) 9
2.4 嵌入式技術(shù) 9
2.4.1 嵌入式系統(tǒng)的定義 9
2.4.2 嵌入式系統(tǒng)的特點 10
2.4.3 嵌入式系統(tǒng)的分類 10
2.5 SOC技術(shù) 11
2.6 ST-BUS數(shù)據(jù)幀格式定義 12
2.7 信令通信流程 14
2.8 本章小結(jié) 15
第3章 系統(tǒng)硬件設計 16
3.1 系統(tǒng)組成 16
3.2 接口板ASIC的設計 17
3.3 綜合控制板FPGA的設計 19
3.4 NiosII軟核處理器 20
3.4.1 Avalon交換結(jié)構(gòu)總線 21
3.4.2 SDRAM控制器 23
3.4.3 數(shù)據(jù)收集模塊 23
3.4.4 接口狀態(tài)檢測模塊 24
3.4.5 與DSP的接口模塊 24
3.4.6 語音數(shù)據(jù)交換模塊 24
3.4.7 片內(nèi)ROM 25
3.4.8 數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送模塊 25
3.5 系統(tǒng)功能實現(xiàn) 26
3.6 本章小結(jié) 27
第4章 FPGA的編譯與仿真 28
4.1 編譯 28
4.2 仿真 29
4.3 本章小結(jié) 31
結(jié)論 32
致謝 33
參考文獻 34
附錄A 36
附錄B 46