摘要】我國(guó)物流業(yè)發(fā)展剛剛起步，第三方物流的理論和實(shí)踐等方面都比較薄弱。本文指出我國(guó)第三方物流存在的問(wèn)題在于國(guó)內(nèi)外第三方物流企業(yè)差距、物流效率不高、缺乏系統(tǒng)性管理、物流平臺(tái)構(gòu)筑滯后、物流管理觀念落后等。分析了產(chǎn)生上述問(wèn)題的原因，并提出了精益物流、中小型第三方物流企業(yè)價(jià)值鏈聯(lián)盟、大型第三方物流企業(yè)虛擬化戰(zhàn)略等三種可供選擇的第三方物流企業(yè)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略。
【關(guān)鍵詞】第三方物流；精益物流戰(zhàn)略；價(jià)值鏈聯(lián)盟；虛擬化戰(zhàn)略
1 引 言
長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，我國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)對(duì)采購(gòu)、運(yùn)輸、倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)、代理、包裝、加工、配送等環(huán)節(jié)控制能力不強(qiáng)，在“采購(gòu)黑洞”、“物流陷井”中造成的損失浪費(fèi)難以計(jì)算。因此，對(duì)第三方物流的研究，對(duì)于促進(jìn)我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)整體效益的提高有著非常重要的理論和實(shí)踐意義。本文試圖對(duì)我國(guó)策三方物流存在的問(wèn)題及原因進(jìn)行分析探討，并提出第三方物流幾種可行的戰(zhàn)略選擇。
2 我國(guó)第三方物流業(yè)存在的主要問(wèn)題
(一)我國(guó)策三方物流企業(yè)與國(guó)外第三方物流企業(yè)的差距較大，具體表現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面：
1、規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)及資本差距明顯。由于國(guó)外的大型第三方物流企業(yè)從全球經(jīng)營(yíng)的戰(zhàn)略出發(fā)，其規(guī)模和資本優(yōu)勢(shì)是毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的，尤其初創(chuàng)時(shí)期的我國(guó)策三方物流業(yè)，本身的規(guī)模就很小，國(guó)外巨頭雄厚的資本令國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)相形見(jiàn)絀。
2、我國(guó)策三方物流業(yè)企業(yè)提供的物流服務(wù)水準(zhǔn)及質(zhì)量控制遠(yuǎn)不如國(guó)外同行。當(dāng)國(guó)內(nèi)一些企業(yè)還在把物流理解成“卡車加倉(cāng)庫(kù)“的時(shí)候，國(guó)外的物流企業(yè)早已完成了一系列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的改造。同時(shí)，國(guó)外的物流組織能力非常強(qiáng)大，例如德國(guó)一家第三方物流公司，公司各方面的物流專家遍布?xì)W洲各地。如果有客戶的貨物需要經(jīng)達(dá)不同的國(guó)家，那么歐洲各地的這些專家就在網(wǎng)上設(shè)計(jì)出一個(gè)最佳的物流解決方案。這種提供解決方案的能力就是這第三方物流公司的核心能力，而不像國(guó)內(nèi)公司號(hào)稱擁有多少條船，多少輛車。
3、我國(guó)加入WTO后物流產(chǎn)業(yè)的門檻降低。在物流服務(wù)業(yè)方面：我國(guó)承諾所有的服務(wù)行業(yè)，在經(jīng)過(guò)合理過(guò)渡期后，取消大部分外國(guó)股權(quán)限制，不限制外國(guó)服務(wù)供應(yīng)商進(jìn)入


Abstract: China's logistics industry has just started, third-party logistics and other aspects of the theory and practice are relatively weak. The paper points out the problems of the Third Party Logistics is the gap between domestic and international third party logistics, logistics efficiency is not high, the lack of systematic management, and logistics platform to build lag behind the concept of logistics management, and so on. Analyzed the causes of such problems arising and proposed lean logistics, small and medium enterprise value chain alliances third party logistics, large third-party logistics companies such as virtualization strategy choice of three third-party logistics enterprise development strategies.
Keywords:Third party logistics;lean logistics strategy;value chain alliances; virtualization strategy
1. Introduction
For a long time, China's domestic enterprises procurement, transportation, warehousing, agents, packaging, processing, distribution and other aspects of control is not strong, in the "Procurement black hole", "Logistics trap" in the waste is difficult to calculate losses. Therefore, third-party logistics research, the overall effectiveness in promoting the improvement of China's economy has a very important theoretical and practical significance. This article attempts to my policy of three logistics problems and analysis of the causes of and propose several possible third-party logistics strategic choice.
2 Third party logistics industry in China's major problems
(A) The national policy of three logistics companies and foreign big gap between third-party logistics companies, specifically in the following areas:
1, economies of scale and capital gap significantly. Because third-party logistics companies large foreign strategic departure from the global business, its advantages of scale and capital