Computer Hardware
A computer is a fast and accurate symbol processing system. It can accept, store, process data and produce output results. A computer can automatically process data without human intervention. However, it must be given a set of instruction to guide it, step by step, through processes. The set of instructions is called a program, The program is stored physically inside the machine, making it a program. All computer systems of interest to us are similar. They contain hardware components for input, central processing unit and output. The system on the small-scale is called a microcomputer or minicomputer. Continuing up the size scale, the mainframe computer is one that may offer a faster processing speed and a greater storage capacity than a typical mini. Finally comes the supercomputer, designed to process complex scientific applications, which is the largest and fastest .Although the capacity of computers’ storage locations is varied, every computer stores numbers, letters, and other characters in a coded form. Every character in the storage is represented by a string of 0s and 1s, the only digits founded in the binary numbering system. BCD and ASCII are popular computer codes.

計(jì)算機(jī)硬件與軟件
計(jì)算機(jī)的硬件
計(jì)算機(jī)是一種快速、精確的符號(hào)加工系統(tǒng)，它能接收、存儲(chǔ)、處理數(shù)據(jù)并產(chǎn)生輸出結(jié)果。計(jì)算機(jī)可以在不需要人工干預(yù)的情況下自動(dòng)處理數(shù)據(jù)，然而必須給它一組指令去引導(dǎo)它，使之逐步地通過(guò)一個(gè)個(gè)處理過(guò)程，這組指令稱之為程序。我們目前所使用的計(jì)算機(jī)，其硬件成分都是相似的，它們的硬件設(shè)備均包含輸入設(shè)備，中央處理器和出設(shè)備。小規(guī)模的系統(tǒng)叫做微型計(jì)算機(jī)或小型計(jì)算機(jī)。隨著規(guī)模的增加，形成了大型計(jì)算機(jī)，它比一般的小型計(jì)算機(jī)有更快的處理速度和更大的存儲(chǔ)容量。最后是超型計(jì)算機(jī)，它用于處理更復(fù)雜的科學(xué)問(wèn)題，這種計(jì)算機(jī)規(guī)模最大、速度最快。盡管計(jì)算機(jī)存儲(chǔ)單元的存儲(chǔ)能力不同，但是每一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)都以編碼的形式存儲(chǔ)數(shù)字、字母和其它的字符。每一個(gè)存儲(chǔ)的字符都被表示成0或1組成的串，0和1是二進(jìn)制編碼系統(tǒng)中僅有的數(shù)字。BCD碼和ASCII碼都是流行的計(jì)算機(jī)代碼。