6人智力搶答器的設(shè)計

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摘
要........................................................................ 3
任務(wù)及要求.................................................................. 5
一、前言分析題目及要求.................................................... . 6
二、方案設(shè)計及比較 ......................................................... 7
三電路的設(shè)計參數(shù)計算及元件器件選擇.................................... .... 9
1.搶答電路設(shè)計.............................................................. 9
1.1編碼電路............................................................. 10
1.2鎖存電路................................................................ 12
1.3譯碼電路................................................................ 12
1.4顯示電路................................................................ 13
2.記分電路設(shè)計.............................................................. 15
2.1撥碼輸入電路............................................................ 15
2.2計數(shù)電路............................................................ 16
2.3濾波電路............................................................. 17
2.4顯示電路............................................................. 17
3.直流電源輸入設(shè)計.......................................................... 18
3.1電源變壓器.............................................................. 18
3.2整流電路................................................................ 18
3.3濾波電路.................................................................19
3.4穩(wěn)壓電路................................................................ 19
4.報警電路設(shè)計.............................................................. 20
四，組裝調(diào)試 .............................................................. 22
五系統(tǒng)器件清單............................................................. 22
六、設(shè)計總結(jié)..................................................................23
5.1特點和方案的優(yōu)缺點，指出課題的核心及應(yīng)用價值，提出改進(jìn)意見和展望......... 23
5.2、收獲和體會..............................................................23
六，參考文獻(xiàn).................................................................24
七，設(shè)計附圖.................................................................25

摘要
本實習(xí)實驗設(shè)計的是一個智力競賽的搶答器，文中一共設(shè)計了三種方案，跟著分步進(jìn)行方案的選擇，以及進(jìn)行器件的選擇，考慮到利用了各個器件的特性，對設(shè)計電路時把該搶答器所完成的功能分成了幾部分來實現(xiàn)，同時也對實際與理論上的一些小問題，進(jìn)行處理。
在對各個器件都進(jìn)行了選擇后，再通過調(diào)試工作驗證了其選擇的正確性。
智力搶答器主要由搶答電路，顯示電路，報警電路，記分電路幾個部分構(gòu)成。
各個部分介紹如下：
搶答電路具備數(shù)據(jù)鎖存和顯示的功能。它的功能主要是能分辨出選手按鍵的先后，并鎖存優(yōu)先搶答者的號碼，提供給譯碼顯示電路，其次是當(dāng)有選手搶答時，使后搶答的選手再搶答時無效，直到主持人清零，進(jìn)行下一次搶答。
顯示電路的功能是在搶答電路中被鎖存優(yōu)先搶答者的編號數(shù)據(jù)通過譯碼器，然后輸出控制各組下對應(yīng)的發(fā)光二極管工作，顯示出先搶答選手的號碼。
報警電路是當(dāng)LED數(shù)碼管顯示最先動手的選手的編號的同時，由報警電路發(fā)出延續(xù)兩秒的音響，這個設(shè)計所用的是由555定時器和三極管構(gòu)成報警電路，以此提醒主持人和觀眾先搶答的選手的編號。
記分電路其功能是能預(yù)置各組起始分，再由主持人對每組的答題情況進(jìn)行加減分，并用三只LED數(shù)碼管做出計分顯示，體現(xiàn)出各組的成績。由此所組成的電路能實現(xiàn)智力競賽搶答器的功能。
本設(shè)計中所用到的關(guān)鍵
通過選擇好的芯片實現(xiàn)6選手搶答器使其具有鎖存、主持人置零、正確顯示搶答成功選手，和記分的功能。
文中所涉及的關(guān)鍵詞有
智力搶答器、 LED數(shù)碼顯示管 、
優(yōu)先編碼器（74LS148）、 輔助鎖存電路
觸發(fā)器、 自鎖電路
鎖存器 搶答電路、
輔助鎖存電路、 穩(wěn)壓管
橋式整流、 調(diào)試工作
直流穩(wěn)壓電源
ABSTRACT：
What this practice experiment design is an intelligence to contest of rob the answer machine, designed three kinds of projects in the text, come after to divide a choice for proceeding the project, and proceed the machine a characteristic for of choice, in consideration of making use of each machine piece, to design the hour in electric circuit also main of with theoretically some small problem, proceed to handle.
At to each machine an accuracy for all proceeding choice empress, then passing adjusting trying work verifying its choice.The intelligence robs the main cent in answer machine robs the answer electric circuit, manifestation electric circuit, report to the police the electric circuit, record to divide electric circuit several part.Each part the introduction is as follows:
Robbing the answer electric circuit has the data lock save with the function of the manifestation.It of function primarily is to distinguish the contestant key successively, and lock to save to have the initiative the number that rob the answer, provide to translate the code manifestation electric circuit, is a contestant to be contestant rob the answer, rob the answer after making to rob again the hour of answer the next in order invalid, until pure zero in host, proceed the next time rob the answer.
Function that show that the electric circuit is locked to save to have the initiative the serial number data that rob the answer in rob answer electric circuit pass to translate the code machine, then output a next rightness should of give out light the diode work
Reporting to the police the electric circuit is the serial number of the contestant to be the LED figures tube manifestation to begin first at the same time, from report to the police the electric circuit send out to continue two seconds stereo sets, what this design use is from 555 settle the machine constitute to report to the police the electric circuit with the triode transistor, reminding the host to rob the serial number of the contestant of the answer with audience first with this.
Recording the each answer a circumstance for dividing its function in electric circuit is can prepare place each start divide, the next in order to proceeds the each score for adding and subtract cent, counteract three LED figures tube do out account cent show, appear.
From here an electric circuit for constituting can realize the function that intelligence contest rob answer machine.

參考文獻(xiàn)
1、《電子線路設(shè)計•實驗•測試》主編：謝自美 華中理工大學(xué)出版社
2、《電子技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)—模擬部分》（第四版）高等教育出版社出版 主編：康光華
3、《電子技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)—數(shù)字部分》（第四版）高等教育出版社出版 主編：康光華
《Fundamental of Electric Circuit》 Charles K.Alexander Mathew N.O.Sadiku Qinghua University