論文標準WORD格式排版55頁

摘要
本文詳細介紹了一種基于單片機的超聲測距系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)以空氣中超聲波的傳播速度為確定條件,利用反射超聲波測量待測距離。在介紹了單片機性能和特點的基礎上，分析了超聲波測距的發(fā)展及基本原理，介紹了傳感器的原理及特性。由此提出了系統(tǒng)的總體構成。然后簡要介紹了利用51系列單片機設計測距儀的原理:單片機發(fā)出的超聲波，通過換能器發(fā)射出去，遇到被測物體后反射回來，計算此超聲波從發(fā)射出到接受的時間差從而得出被測物體到測距儀的距離。針對測距系統(tǒng)發(fā)射、接收、檢測、顯示部分的總體設計方案做了論證。給出了系統(tǒng)的硬件原理圖和軟件實現(xiàn)框圖。

關鍵詞:單片機,超聲波,測距

吀梔攀 Design of System for Ultrasonic Distance Measurement Using MCU
Abstract
The thesis introduces a kind of single-pulse-reflection ultrasonic distance meter system in detail based on single chip processor. The system could measure certain distance on the premise that the speed of reflected wave in the air is fixed. Based on the study of single chip processor, this paper summarizes the development and fundamental principle of ultrasonic detection. Then it presents the theory and characters of ultrasonic sensor. Moreover, it proposes the whole structure of the system by introducing the function of ultrasonic distance meter. Then this paper introduces the principle of distance一measuring一device which is designed with the single chip Processor of 51series. This principle is based on the ultrasonic measure which is calculated by the time used by ultrasonic traveling from the target. And then the transmission, receiver, detection, display scheme of this distance meter system are brought out. This paper presents the design of the Circuit and debug of the ultrasonic distance sensor.

Key words: single-chip processor, ultrasonic, distance- measurement

目錄

1 緒論1
1.1 課題背景1
1.2 超聲波檢測綜述1
1.2.1 超聲波檢測的發(fā)展1
1.2.2 超聲波檢測簡介3
1.3 單片機簡介4
1.4超聲波簡介5
2 超聲波測距儀的總體構想7
2.1 超聲波測距的原理7
2.2 常見的測距法7
2.3 超聲波傳感器8
2.3.1 超聲波傳感器的原理及結構8
2.3.2超聲波傳感器的特性10
2.4 系統(tǒng)主要參數(shù)的確定11
2.4.1 測距儀的工作頻率11
2.4.2 聲速12
2.4.3 發(fā)射脈沖寬度12
2.4.4 測量盲區(qū)13
3 單片機基本原理15
3.1 單片機的組成15
3.2 單片機指令系統(tǒng)與匯編語言程序18
3.3 中斷系統(tǒng)的基本原理與操作方式21
3.3.1中斷系統(tǒng)的基本組成22
3.3.2中斷系統(tǒng)的應用22
4 超聲波測距儀的硬件設計25
4.1 超聲波發(fā)射電路25
4.2 超聲波檢測接收電路26
4.2.1 集成電路CX20106A簡介26
4.2.2 接收電路圖27
4.3 單片機系統(tǒng)及顯示電路28
5 超聲波測距儀的軟件設計30
5.1 超聲波測距儀的算法設計30
5.2 主程序30
5.3 超聲波發(fā)射中斷程序32
5.4 超聲波接收中斷程序33
5.5 顯示子程序34
5.6 距離計算子程序35
6 總結37
參考文獻38
附錄39
致謝51