淺究微機(jī)控制的PWM變頻調(diào)速系統(tǒng)

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摘 要

本設(shè)計(jì)詳細(xì)描述了微機(jī)控制的PWM變頻調(diào)速系統(tǒng)。主電路采用二極管進(jìn)行不可控整流，用PWM逆變器同時(shí)調(diào)壓調(diào)頻，開(kāi)關(guān)元件用GTR，組成了交-直-交電壓型變頻器，變頻器采用恒壓頻比控制方式。控制電路的核心是具有IBMPC/XT擴(kuò)展槽的微機(jī)或兼容機(jī)，通過(guò)鍵盤(pán)輸入給定值，并與反饋值進(jìn)行比較通過(guò)電壓調(diào)節(jié)器，電流調(diào)節(jié)器將信號(hào)送給可編程SPWM調(diào)制波集成芯片HEF4752V，產(chǎn)生2-5KHz的開(kāi)關(guān)信號(hào)，從而根據(jù)系統(tǒng)需要控制GTR的導(dǎo)通和截止，即調(diào)節(jié)它的占空比，而改變電壓和頻率，并可得到非常逼真的可調(diào)的正弦波形。為了調(diào)速系統(tǒng)能夠穩(wěn)定的運(yùn)行本設(shè)計(jì)用LEM模塊測(cè)電流和光電計(jì)數(shù)測(cè)速，組成轉(zhuǎn)速，電流雙閉環(huán)并送到微機(jī)進(jìn)行相應(yīng)調(diào)整。此外通過(guò)LEM模塊測(cè)直流側(cè)電壓、電流，通過(guò)微機(jī)判斷是否過(guò)壓、過(guò)流，并發(fā)出相應(yīng)控制信號(hào)，對(duì)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行保護(hù)，增加系統(tǒng)可靠性。設(shè)計(jì)還給出了系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計(jì)方案，硬件、軟件的控制策略及其實(shí)現(xiàn)，數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算、產(chǎn)品選型原則和程序代碼。

關(guān)鍵詞：正弦脈寬調(diào)制（SPWM）,變頻器,微機(jī),交流調(diào)速。

Abstract

In this paper，a GTR VVVF system controlled by microcomputer is described。Main circuit adopts VD as UR, and at the same time vary the voltage and frequency with PWM inverter. and with GTR we can compose AC-DC-AC VSC (voltage source converter). And it controls in the way of constant voltage against constant frequency .The cores of the control circuit is microcomputer with IBMPC/XT ISA，which depends on the keyboard to give the setting frequency values，then comparing the values with the back values. With the VM(voltage modulator),the current modulator can give signals to three-phase programmed SPWM modulate wave integrated chip HEF4752V，it produces 2-5Kz control signal to let GTR on or off .that is to say ,its sine wave can be adjusted。Thus by changing voltage and frequency ,we can get very real and changeable In order to make the system work stably ,in this design,. It counts and examine current or rotational speed through the LEM or photo electricity. it sends processor to carry on corresponding adjustment .In addition, to make the system strengthen by stability and protect the system itself,, the PC judgment if over pressure，over current ,and through the LEM the voltage and current value of the DC side...， some of design reached systematically in introduction step by step deep into，construction clarity。 The design has given out the overall plan of the system，the control strategy and realization of the hardware，software，data calculation，the choice principle of the product type and procedure codes。
Keywords：SPWM；inverter；PC；AC speed adjustment system

目錄

前言
第一章 概述----------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
1.1交流調(diào)速的概況和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)-------------------------------------------------------------------2
1.2變頻調(diào)速原理-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
1.3變頻器的選用-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5
第二章 系統(tǒng)組成原理-----------------------------------------------------------------------7
2.1系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方案的確定----------------------------------------------------------------------------7
2.2系統(tǒng)總體結(jié)構(gòu)-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7
第三章主電路設(shè)計(jì)--------------------------------------------------------------------------10
3.1系統(tǒng)主電路的設(shè)計(jì)------------------------------------------------------------------------------10
3.2GTR的基本構(gòu)成和開(kāi)關(guān)特性------------------------------------------------------------------10
3.3GTR的驅(qū)動(dòng)電路---------------------------------------------------------------------------------12
第四章控制保護(hù)電路設(shè)計(jì)-----------------------------------------------------------------14
4.1GTR的保護(hù)--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14
4.2泵升電壓限制電路-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------15
4.3檢測(cè)電路-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15
第五章 PWM脈沖的調(diào)制和生成--------------------------------------------------------20
2.1完全由模擬電路生成---------------------------------------------------------------------------20
2.2由專(zhuān)用集成芯片生成---------------------------------------------------------------------------20
2.3 PWM的調(diào)制方法和控制技術(shù)----------------------------------------------------------------24
第六章 參數(shù)計(jì)算---------------------------------------------------------------------------28
第七章 主要芯片介紹---------------------------------------------------------------------30
7.1ADC0809------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------30
7.2CD4527---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------31
第八章 軟件設(shè)計(jì)----------------------------------------------------------------------------32
8.1系統(tǒng)主程序-------------------------------------------------------------------------------32
8.2系統(tǒng)子程序-------------------------------------------------------------------------------33
參考文獻(xiàn)--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------56
結(jié)束語(yǔ)-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------57

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