摘要

禮貌因不同的文化而不同。漢語(yǔ)文化中的禮貌與道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)有密切聯(lián)系。而在英語(yǔ)文化中，禮貌只存在于交流雙方。所以中國(guó)人對(duì)于什么是威脅面子行為與英語(yǔ)文化中的人有不同的理解。中國(guó)人的謙虛，也可以說(shuō)是自貶，是自身的教養(yǎng)，而英式的謙虛是減少自夸的一種策略。隱私在英語(yǔ)文化中囊括的范圍比漢語(yǔ)文化囊括的范圍廣得多。而態(tài)度熱情在漢語(yǔ)文化中被認(rèn)為是非常有禮貌的。這樣，漢語(yǔ)文化中的禮貌行為可能會(huì)被英語(yǔ)文化中的人認(rèn)為是侵犯?jìng)€(gè)人隱私。不同的文化價(jià)值系統(tǒng)，即英語(yǔ)文化中的個(gè)人主義和漢語(yǔ)文化的集體主義，使各自的語(yǔ)言有不同的交際法則。英語(yǔ)文化中強(qiáng)加于人的行為在漢語(yǔ)文化中可能代表著禮貌和真誠(chéng)。禮貌有助于建立、維持和鞏固和諧的人際關(guān)系，促進(jìn)社會(huì)交往。

關(guān)鍵字：禮貌 面子 差異 原因 原則


Abstract

This paper holds the view that the concept of politeness varies in different cultures. The concept of politeness in the Chinese culture is closely tied with ethics and moral standards. But in the English culture, the concept of politeness exists only in the immediate context that involves two conflict parties. Thus Chinese people have a different interpretation of what counts as a face-threatening act and what does not. Chinese modesty, which can be seen as another way of saying self-denigration, is a virtue of self-cultivation while the English modesty is a strategy of minimizing or avoiding self-praise. Privacy is valued in all cultures, but the applicable scope of it in the English culture is much larger than that in the Chinese culture. Attitudinal warmth is considered very polite in the Chinese culture. The different value systems, individualism in the English culture and collectivism in the Chinese culture, impose different rules of communication on their peoples. Politeness helps establish, maintain or consolidate harmonious interpersonal relationships and facilitate social interactions. Politeness as an observable phenomenon is actually a reflection of specific cultural values in the language.

Key Words: Politeness; face; difference; reason; principle