摘要
在磷酸鹽- P濃度增加至320毫克/升時，是通過化學(xué)耗氧量（COD），揮發(fā)性脂肪酸（VFA）消耗 和二硝基甲苯（DNT）的去除在厭氧條件下發(fā)生的磷釋放造成的。當向NO3 - N比化學(xué)需氧量減少約2.0，廢水的有機成分，主要是硝酸鹽在缺氧條件下轉(zhuǎn)化為甲烷。 這兩個反硝化和PO4 - P濃度開始增加時，甲烷已經(jīng)完成，開始產(chǎn)出氮氣。在缺氧條件下，聚磷細菌能利用揮發(fā)性脂肪酸去除磷酸鹽，反硝化工藝處理主要完成后，化學(xué)需氧量為碳源，硝酸鹽為電子受體。隨著進水中的COD為3000毫克/升，通過20天的孵化缺氧最大量可去除性磷酸鹽為 56毫克/升，表明98％的磷在這個反應(yīng)中去除磷酸鹽，PO4-P/NO3-N和 PO4-P/COD消耗比例分別為0.08—0.2和2.3—2.6。高

Abstract

The occurrence and fate of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in the aquatic environment has been recognized as one of the emerging issues in environmental chemistry. In some investigations carried out in Austria, Brazil, Canada, Croatia, England, Germany, Greece, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, The Netherlands, and the U.S., more than 80 compounds, pharmaceuticals and several drug metabolites, have been detected in the aquatic environment. Several PhACs from various prescription classes have been found at concentrations up to the µg/l-level in sewage influent and effluent samples and also in several surface waters located downstream from municipal sewage treatment plants (STPs). The studies show that some PhACs originating from human therapy are not eliminated completely in the municipal STPs and are, thus, discharged as contaminants into the receiving waters. Under recharge conditions, polar PhACs such as clofibric acid, carbamazepine, primidone or iodinated contrast agents can leach through the subsoil and have also been detected in several groundwater samples in Germany. Positive findings of PhACs have, however, also been reported in groundwater contaminated by landfill leachates or manufacturing residues. To date, only in a few cases PhACs have also been detected at trace-levels in drinking water samples. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Keywords: PhACs; Sewage contaminants; Bank filtration; Surface, ground- and drinking water