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預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土連續(xù)梁分析----外文翻譯.doc

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預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土連續(xù)梁分析----外文翻譯,1、 introductionthis conference is devoted to the development of structural analysis rather than the strength of materials, but the effective use of prestressed ...
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1、 Introduction
This conference is devoted to the development of structural analysis rather than the strength of materials, but the effective use of prestressed concrete relies on an appropriate combination of structural analysis techniques with knowledge of the material behaviour. Design of prestressed concrete structures is usually left to specialists; the unwary will either make mistakes or spend inordinate time trying to extract a solution from the various equations.
There are a number of fundamental differences between the behaviour of prestressed concrete and that of other materials. Structures are not unstressed when unloaded; the design space of feasible solutions is totally bounded; in hyperstatic structures, various states of self-stress can be induced by altering  the cable profile, and all of these factors get influenced by creep and thermal effects. How were these problems recognised and how have they been tackled?
Ever since the development of reinforced concrete by Hennebique at the end of

1 緒論
這次會議是專門討論結(jié)構(gòu)分析的發(fā)展,而不是討論材料強度,但對材料的認(rèn)識并用適當(dāng)?shù)募夹g(shù)分析結(jié)構(gòu)的組成,有助于有效地利用預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土。預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計通常是留給專家;粗心將會導(dǎo)致錯誤或花費更多時間用各種方法尋求解決的方案。
有一些根本性的分歧在預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土和其他材料之間。在沒有作用荷載下結(jié)構(gòu)依然是受力;可行的解決方案是有限的,在超靜定結(jié)構(gòu),纜索外形的改變會引起不同的自應(yīng)力,所有這些要素都是受到徐變和溫度效應(yīng)的影響。如何判別這些問題和如何解決他們呢?
自從在十九世紀(jì)末Hennebique對鋼筋混凝土進(jìn)行了研究(庫薩克1984年) ,它表明了鋼筋和混凝土能更有效地結(jié)合起來,如果鋼先預(yù)制然后把混凝土灌進(jìn)去。開裂可以減少,如果可以很好的粘結(jié)在一起 ,這將增加剛度和提高耐久性。早期嘗試,所有失敗的原因是由于初始預(yù)應(yīng)力很快消失,留下的結(jié)構(gòu)必須具備一定的承受能力;關(guān)于這些情況Leonhardt和Abeles已做出了嘗試。
這是Freyssinet對三座橋梁的觀察結(jié)果,它坐落在維希附近的Allier河上,1927年完成。用的是預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土( Freyssinet 1956年) 。只有Boutiron這座橋在二戰(zhàn)中保留下來(圖1 ) 。迄今,它一直假定混凝土的楊氏模量仍然是固定的,但他承認(rèn)說由于變形的存在,這也解釋為何在早期的檢測預(yù)應(yīng)力已經(jīng)損失。