模具工藝的發(fā)展必須不斷滿足人們對產(chǎn)品高質(zhì)量生產(chǎn)(包括操作性能,外觀美等)和低成本的追求.當(dāng)人們可以有效的控制注塑過程,成型材料轉(zhuǎn)換技術(shù)又能滿足零件的設(shè)計要求,以及模具可重復(fù)利用且精度和表面質(zhì)量保持穩(wěn)定時,這種愿望便可實現(xiàn)了.因此模具需要保證較高的制造精度.人們希望模具盡管在注塑過程中承受巨大的壓力仍然能夠多次重復(fù)使用且質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定,長的工作壽命以換回高的投資.除了設(shè)計上的考慮和使用過程中的保養(yǎng)以外,模具的可靠性和使用壽命主要決定于模具材料,材料的熱處理和模具的制作工藝.
模具裝配一般由多個零件構(gòu)的選取,成,各零件在模具中的功能各不相同,因而需選擇適當(dāng)?shù)牟馁|(zhì).組成模具的腔和型芯,決定了制品的外觀和表面紋路.因此需要特別注意材料的選取和加工處理.



The molding technique has to meet the ever increasing demand for a high quality product (in terms of both consumption properties and geometry) that is still economically priced. This is feasible only if the molder can adequately control the molding process. If the configuration of the part is adapted to the characteristics of the molding material and the respective conversion technique, and a mold is available which satisfies the requirements for reproducible dimensional accuracy and surface quality. Therefore injection molds have to be made with the highest precision. They are expected to provide reliable and fully repeatable function in spite of being under extreme loads during the molding process, and a long service life to offset the high capital investment. Besides initial design and maintenance while in service, reliability and service life are primarily determined by the mold material used, its heat treatment and the machining operations during mold making.