6-CA6140B車(chē)床數(shù)控化改造設(shè)計(jì)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　摘  要
　　　數(shù)控機(jī)床作為機(jī)電一體化的典型產(chǎn)品,在機(jī)械制造業(yè)中發(fā)揮著巨大的作用, 很好地解決了現(xiàn)代機(jī)械制造中結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、精度高、批量小、多變零件的加工問(wèn)題, 且能穩(wěn)定產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,大幅度提高生產(chǎn)效率。但由于一臺(tái)全功能的數(shù)控車(chē)床價(jià)格較貴,而且在許多具體應(yīng)用場(chǎng)合其功能不能充分利用。我國(guó)作為機(jī)床大國(guó),對(duì)C6140普通車(chē)床進(jìn)行數(shù)控化改造,使之盡可能提高自動(dòng)化程度, 保證加工質(zhì)量,減輕勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度,提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益, 是一條廣泛推廣數(shù)控技術(shù)的良好途徑。本次設(shè)計(jì)是對(duì)C6140普通車(chē)床進(jìn)行數(shù)控化改造，其現(xiàn)實(shí)意義在于如何尋找一種可行的、有推廣價(jià)值的設(shè)備改造方法，對(duì)傳統(tǒng)機(jī)械制造行業(yè)的技術(shù)裝備進(jìn)行技術(shù)提升。對(duì)C6140普通車(chē)床的數(shù)控化改造主要有兩個(gè)方面的設(shè)計(jì)：機(jī)械改造和控制部分。機(jī)械部分的設(shè)計(jì)主要是對(duì)橫向和縱向進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的改造，改造后的車(chē)床把車(chē)床的主運(yùn)動(dòng)和進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng)分離開(kāi)來(lái), 主電機(jī)的作用僅僅是帶動(dòng)工件旋轉(zhuǎn),而刀架的進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng)則是由步進(jìn)電機(jī)直接帶動(dòng)車(chē)床的縱向和橫向絲杠來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。而控制部分主要是實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)機(jī)械部分的自動(dòng)化控制，它包括縱向和橫向的進(jìn)給，螺紋加工，行程控制，鍵盤(pán)輸入及數(shù)碼管顯示，光電隔離，功率放大，報(bào)警，急停，復(fù)位等。
關(guān)鍵詞：數(shù)控改造，滾珠絲杠，數(shù)控機(jī)床，自動(dòng)化，步進(jìn)電機(jī)

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　ABSRTACT
　　　CNC machine tools as mechatronics typical products in the machinery manufacturing industry plays a huge role, a good solution to the complex structure of modern machinery manufacturing, high precision, small batch, changing parts processing problems, and can stabilize the product quality, significantly improve production efficiency. However, a full-featured CNC lathes more expensive, but its function in many specific applications can not be fully utilized. China is a big country of the machine, C6140 lathe CNC transformation, so as much as possible to improve the degree of automation, quality assurance process, reduce labor intensity, improve economic efficiency, is a good way for a widely CNC technology. The design C6140 lathe CNC transformation, its real significance lies in how to find a viable, promote the value of equipment modification method, technology and equipment technology to enhance the traditional machinery manufacturing industry. Transformation of NC lathe C6140 two aspects of the design: mechanical modifications and the control section. The mechanical part of the design horizontal and vertical feed system transformation after transformation, lathe the main movement lathe and feed movement separate from the main motor is driven rotation of the workpiece, and the feed motion of the tool holder is directly driven by a stepping motor lathes and vertical and horizontal screw. The control section is to achieve the automatic control of the mechanical part, which includes vertical and horizontal feed, thread cutting, stroke control, keyboard input, and digital display, optical isolation, power amplifier, alarm, emergency stop, reset, etc..
Keywords:numericaltransformation,ballscrew,CNCmachinetoolsautomation,steppemotor   目  錄
1. 緒論---------------------------------------------------------1
1.1 數(shù)控系統(tǒng)發(fā)展簡(jiǎn)史-----------------------------------------1
1.2 國(guó)內(nèi)數(shù)控機(jī)床狀況分析-------------------------------------1
1.3 數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)---------------------------------------1
1.4 機(jī)床數(shù)控化改造的必要-------------------------------------2
2. 總體設(shè)計(jì)方案-----------------------------------------------5
2.1機(jī)床數(shù)控化改造的必要--------------------------------------------------------5
3. 進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算部分---------------------------------7
3.1縱向進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算---------------------------------7
3.2橫向進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算---------------------------------15
4.控制系統(tǒng)硬件電路的設(shè)計(jì)------------------------------------22
4.1 控制系統(tǒng)硬件的基本構(gòu)成-----------------------------------22
4.2 控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)-------------------------------------------23
4.3 MCS-51系統(tǒng)程序擴(kuò)展---------------------------------------24
4.4 應(yīng)用軟件及設(shè)計(jì)程序---------------------------------------29

5.結(jié)論-----------------------------------------------------------45
參考文獻(xiàn)---------------------------------------------------------46
致謝--------------------------------------------------------------47