摘要

　　　交流變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)已經(jīng)進(jìn)入一個嶄新的時代，其應(yīng)用越來越廣。而電梯作為現(xiàn)代高層建筑的垂直交通工具，與人們的生活緊密相關(guān)，隨著人們對其要求的提高，電梯得到了快速發(fā)展，其拖動技術(shù)已經(jīng)發(fā)展到了調(diào)頻調(diào)壓調(diào)速，其邏輯控制也由PLC代替原來的繼電器控制。本文在已有的通用變頻器的基礎(chǔ)上，采用PLC對電梯進(jìn)行控制，通過合理的選擇和設(shè)計(jì)，提高了電梯的控制水平。

　　　本文以五層電梯為研究對象，在研究電梯和PLC的結(jié)構(gòu)、特點(diǎn)和工作原理的基礎(chǔ)上，以SMIENS S7-200系列PLC為開發(fā)硬件平臺，設(shè)計(jì)了五層電梯的控制系統(tǒng)。控制系統(tǒng)分為硬件和軟件兩部分進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。軟件部分主要包括有樓層位置顯示、內(nèi)呼指令的產(chǎn)生和消除、外呼指令的產(chǎn)生和消除、停車指令的產(chǎn)生和消除、電梯定向、運(yùn)行與減速停車和開關(guān)門等程序。實(shí)現(xiàn)了以下控制要求：自動響應(yīng)樓層的指令指令、響應(yīng)轎廂內(nèi)部指令、顯示轎廂位置、顯示電梯運(yùn)行方向，自動或者手動開關(guān)門。系統(tǒng)采用變頻器控制電動機(jī)的啟停，加減速運(yùn)行，并利用其內(nèi)置的PID調(diào)節(jié)功能，實(shí)現(xiàn)了平滑的加減速，滿足了電梯的舒適性要求。

　　　文章最后，通過利用相關(guān)的仿真軟件進(jìn)行調(diào)試，仿真并驗(yàn)證了給任意的呼梯指令輸入，電梯控制系統(tǒng)都會滿足乘客的乘梯需求。本控制系統(tǒng)能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)任務(wù)書所給出的控制要求，并完成電梯的正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。

　　　

關(guān)鍵詞：變頻器；電梯；控制系統(tǒng)；可編程控制器

　　　

　　　Abstract

　　　The elevator is the high-rise construction essential transport means, uses in vertical shipping the passenger and the cargo, the traditional elevator control system mainly uses the relay. The contact device carries on the control, its shortcoming is the electronic contact are many, failure rate high, reliability bad, service work load big and so on, but uses the PLC composition the control system to be possible to solve the above problem well, causes the elevator movement to be safer, to be convenient, is comfortable. At present obtained the widespread application in the elevator profession. In the layer and the control function few situations; use the PLC control to be advantageous.

　　　This thesis elaborates the structure and the working principle of the elevator, so does the programmable logic controller. This elevator control system is designed with the six elevator for research object, using Siemens S7-200 PLC as development platform. The design of the elevator control system could be divided into hardware design and software of design. As the most significant part, the program contain seven parts, such as the display of the elevator position, the registration and elimination of the internal signal, the registration and elimination of the external signal, the registration and elimination of the parking signal, the movement direction, the operation of the elevator and the door. The elevator realizes the control requirements below: responsing floor summon signal automaticly, responsing elevator car internal signal automaticly, displaying elevator car position automaticly, displaying elevator running direction automaticly, automaticly and manually switching the door and so on. What’s more, since the main motor is controled through the inverter, it could realize acceleration and deceleration smoothly, and meet the needs of comfort.

　　　In this thesis, the revelant simulation software is used to debug the program. No matter which button is pressed, the elevator will satisfy the reasonable request of the passage. The elevator could meet the control requirements given on the design instruction and complete the right operation of the elevator. 

　　　

Keywords：Frequency transformer；Elevator；Control System；Programmable Logic Controller

目錄

摘要 1

Abstract 2

緒論 3

1.變頻計(jì)數(shù)的現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢 3

2.電梯現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢 4

3.課題研究的意義及內(nèi)容 4

1 電梯和PLC的簡介 6

1.1電梯結(jié)構(gòu)及特點(diǎn) 6

1.2電梯的組成[9] 6

1.3 PLC結(jié)構(gòu)及特點(diǎn) 8

1.4 PLC電梯控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方法 9

2  變頻器的選擇與研究 12

2.1 速度運(yùn)行曲線研究 12

2.2 變頻器的作用 12

2.3 變頻器的工作原理 13

2.4 變頻器的選擇與參數(shù)設(shè)置 14

2.4.1變頻器的選擇 14

2.4.2變頻器的參數(shù)設(shè)置 15

2.5 變頻器的速度矢量PID控制 16

3  電梯控制系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計(jì) 18

3.1 系統(tǒng)分析 18

3.1.1 系統(tǒng)控制要求 18

3.2 PLC選型 19

3.2.1 PLC控制系統(tǒng)的I/O點(diǎn)數(shù)計(jì)算與地址分配 19

3.2.2 CPU以及擴(kuò)展模塊的選擇 21

3.2.3 PLC的外部接線圖 21

4  電梯控制系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計(jì) 23

4.1 樓層位置顯示 23

4.2 內(nèi)呼指令的記憶和消除 25

4.3 外呼指令的記憶和消除 25

4.4 停車指令的產(chǎn)生和消除 26

4.5 電梯的定向 27

4.6 運(yùn)行與減速停車 29

4.7 開關(guān)門程序 30

5 控制系統(tǒng)仿真和程序調(diào)試 33

6 抗干擾分析 36

6.1 電纜的選擇 36

6.2 電梯監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的布線技巧 36

6.3 電源干擾及其它干擾因素 36

6.4 電梯干擾的避免和解決辦法 37

結(jié)   論 38

致謝 39

參考文獻(xiàn) 40

附錄 41