μúò??? ?ˉ?§·′ó|ó??üá?
μúò??ú ?ˉ?§·′ó|ó??üá?μ?±??ˉ￡¨?§°?￡?
μú ò? ??ê±
???§?°??±ê??:
1?￠ê1?§éúá??a?ˉ?§·′ó|?D?üá?×a?ˉμ??-òòoí3￡??μ??üá?×a?ˉD?ê?￡?
2?￠è?ê??ˉ?§·′ó|1y3ì?Dí?ê±′??ú×????êoí?üá?μ?±??ˉ￡????ò?üá?μ?êí·??ò?üê?ê?ò?·￠éúμ????ê?a?ù′?μ?￡??üá?μ??àéù???¨óú·′ó|??oíéú3é??μ??êá?￡?
3?￠á??a·′ó|èèoíìê±?μ?o?ò??￡
?????￠??μ???:
1?￠?ˉ?§·′ó|?Dμ??üá?±??ˉ￡? 2?￠???÷Hμ??°+?±ó??°-?±μ?àí?a?￡
???§?°1y3ì??￡o
ò??￠·′ó|èè ìê±?
￡¨ò?￡?￡o ·′ó|?üá?±??ˉó?·′ó|èè
?üá??íê?í??ˉè?àà??2?μ??°?ü???±￡??üá?ê1è?ààí?à?á??°è???ò??a?±μ?ò°?ù￡???è?·±?a?à×?μ????÷?￡?ˉ?§·′ó|?ùêí·?μ??üá?ê???′ú?üá?μ??÷òaà′?′??ò?￡¨ò?°?ò?èèoí1|μ?D? ê?ó?ía???·?3??DD?üá?????￡??￡?ùò?￡??D???ˉ?§·′ó|?Dμ??üá?±??ˉ￡??í??μ????a??òa?￡
1.?ˉ?§·′ó|ó??üá?±??ˉμ?1??μ
è?o?ò????ˉ?§·′ó|?D￡?·′ó|???ù??óDμ?×ü?üá?ó?éú3é???ù??óDμ?×ü?üá?ê? μèμ?￡??ú2úéúD????êμ?í?ê±×üê?°é??×? μ?±??ˉ?￡
?′?úò????ˉ?§·′ó|?D￡?í?ê±×?ê? ê?o?oí ê?o?á????ù±??¨?é?￡
2?￠?ˉ?§·′ó|?D?üá?±??ˉD?ê?
?ˉ?§·′ó|?ùêí·?μ??üá?ê???′ú?üá?μ??÷òaà′?′??ò?￡?ò?°?ò?èèoí1|μ?D?ê?ó?ía???·?3??DD?üá?????￡?í¨3￡±í???aèèá?μ?±??ˉ?￡
3?￠ààDí
￡¨1￡?·?èè·′ó|￡o?′_____________ μ??ˉ?§·′ó|￡???·′ó|??μ?×ü?üá?____ éú3é??μ?×ü?üá??￡è?￡oè?á?μ?è?é??￠?Doí·′ó|?￠éúêˉ?òó????ˉo??￠?eê?oí?áμ?·′ó|?￠?áèè·′ó|μè?? ê?·?èè·′ó|?￡
￡¨2￡??üèè·′ó|￡o?′_________ μ??ˉ?§·′ó|￡???·′ó|??μ?×ü?üá?____éú3é??μ?×ü?üá??￡
è?￡oH2?1?-CuOμ?·′ó|￡?×?èèμ?ì?ó??t???ˉì?·′ó|￡?CaCO3·??aμè′ó?àêy·??a·′ó|￡?Ba(OH)2•8H2Oó?NH4Clμ?·′ó|??ê??üèè·′ó|?￡
?μ?÷￡o?üèè·′ó|ì??÷ê?′ó?àêy·′ó|1y3ìDèòa3?D??óèè￡?μ?óDμ?2?Dèòa?óèèè?￡o
Ba(OH)2•8H2OoíNH4Cl1ìì?·′ó|￡?
·?èè·′ó|óDμ??aê?ê±Dèòa?óèèò?ê1·′ó|???ˉ?￡?′·′ó|μ??ü?￠·?èèó?·′ó|ì??t?T1??￡
D?3é?-òò￡¨í?ê?￡?
′ó?￠1?é?·???￡o





′óoê1?é?·???￡o

′óoê1?é?·???:


?¤2aéú3é

￡¨?t￡?￡o·′ó|èè ìê±?
á???????￡o?·?3
ì??μ
1?￠?¨ò?￡o ?D·′ó|èè￡? ó??Dìê±??￡
2?￠±íê?·?o?￡o
3?￠μ￥??￡o (?ò )?￡
4?￠????·?·¨￡o?÷H = ·′ó|??μ?×ü?ü?ü--éú3é??μ?×ü?ü?ü￡¨?ò?÷H = éú3é??μ?×ü?üá?--·′ó|??μ?×ü?üá?￡?
òò′?￡??÷H0ê±￡??a èè·′ó|?￡
5?￠×￠òa￡o?úó|ó?ìê±?ê±￡?ó|×￠òa?÷Hμ?·?o??￡μ±?÷H>0ê±￡????°+?±o?2??üê????￡
6?￠?°·′ó|èè?±ó??°èèá??±μ???±e￡o·′ó|èèóD?°+?±?￠?°-?±??·?￡???èèá?ê?±êá?￡?μ?òa×￠?÷ê??°?üê??±?￠?1ê??±·?3??±.
?aê?í??1￡oìêê?ó????êμ??ú?üóD1?μ?ò?????àíá?￡?μ??üó?2?í?óú???êμ??ú?ü?￡μ￥???akJ/mol￡?2??éò?2aá??￡?ˉ?§?D??±í?÷￡???óú?úμè?1ì??t????DDμ??ˉ?§·′ó|￡?è?1?·′ó|?D???êμ??üá?±??ˉè?2?×a?ˉ?aèè?ü￡¨í?ê±?é?ü°é??×?·′ó|ì??μì??yμ???±?￡?￡?????óD×a?ˉ?aμ??ü?￠1a?üμè????D?ê?μ??ü￡??ò ??·′ó|μ?·′ó|èè?íμèóú·′ó|?°oó???êμ?ìêμ?±??ˉ￡??′ìê±??￡
?′?ú′?￡??éó?ìê±?′úì?·′ó|èè?￡μ?ìê±?ó?·′ó|èèê?2?í?o?ò?á???μ??????￡
????????:?′?′á?·ùí?·?±e±íê?ê2?′·′ó|￡??aò???2??μ±íê?ê2?′￡?

A B



??òéμ?·′à???￡o￡¨í¨1y±????§?°?￠×÷òμoó???1óD??D???óD????μ??aê?￡?????????à′￡?



???ù′?′?±ê??

1￡???áD·′ó|?èê?óú???ˉ?1?-·′ó|￡?ó?ê?óú?üèè·′ó|μ?ê? (????)
A￡??á??oí?????á·′ó|
B￡?Ba(OH)2•8H2Oó?NH4Clμ?·′ó|
C￡?×?èèμ?ì?ó??t???ˉì?μ?·′ó|
D￡??×íé?ú?????Dμ?è?é?
2￡?ò??a?a???ú?è???Dè?é?ê±2úéú2?°×é??e???￡?ú·′ó|1y3ì?D￡????μ1 mol?a???Dμ??ˉ?§?ü??o?μ??üá??aQ1 kJ￡????μ1 mol?è???Dμ??ˉ?§?ü??o?μ??üá??aQ2 kJ￡?D?3é1 mol?è?ˉ?a?Dμ??ˉ?§?üêí·?μ??üá??aQ3 kJ￡???áD1??μê??yè·μ?ê?(????)
A￡?Q1￡?Q2>Q3 B￡?Q1￡?Q2>2Q3
C￡?Q1￡?Q20μ??ˉ?§·′ó|
C￡?D?3é?ˉ?§?üê±12·?3??üá?862 kJμ??ˉ?§·′ó|
D￡??üá?±??ˉè?í??ùê?μ??ˉ?§·′ó|

5￡?1?óú?ˉ?§·′ó|μ?±??êμ??μ·¨?yè·μ?ê?(????)
A￡??ˉ?§·′ó|??óDD????êéú3é
B￡??ˉ?§·′ó|??óD?üá?±??ˉ
C￡??ˉ?§·′ó|ê??é?ü??á?D??üD?3éμ?1y3ì
D￡??ˉ?§·′ó|μ?·￠éú??Dèòa?úò??¨ì??t??
6￡???áD?μ·¨?yè·μ?ê?(????)
A￡?·′ó|èè?íê?·′ ó|?D·?3?μ??üá?
B￡??ú101 kPaê±￡?1 molì?è?é??ù·?3?μ?èèá??aì?μ?è?é?èè
C￡?óéC(êˉ??)¨D?úC(?e??êˉ)??|¤H￡?￡?1.9 kJ•mol￡-1?é?a￡??e??êˉ±èêˉ???è?¨
D￡?μèá?μ?áò????oíáò1ìì?·?±eíêè?è?é?￡??°??·?3?μ?èèá??à
7￡???áD·′ó|?D￡?éú3é??μ?×üìê′óóú·′ó|??×üìêμ?ê?(????)
A￡?D?ó???áò?á·′ó|???a?? B￡?ìú???ú?è???Dè?é?
C￡????ˉ??ó???·′ó| D￡?ì??á?a?§·??a
8￡???áD?μ·¨?D?yè·μ?ê?(????)
A￡?ìê±?ê???1 mol???ê2??ó·′ó|ê±μ??üá?±??ˉ
B￡?·′ó|·?èèê±￡?|¤H>0￡?·′ó|?üèèê±￡?|¤H?±?￠?°H(·′ó|??)￡??ò·′ó|?üèè￡?·′??·?èè?￡A??H2O(g)===H2O(l)?a??àí±??ˉ￡?B??|¤H>0￡??′H(éú3é??)>H(·′ó|??)￡?·′ó|?üê?èèá?￡?C???T·¨è·?¨·′ó|·?èè?1ê??üèè￡?D??￡?óéí??é?aH(éú3é??)???üèè
12.?a????òò?a1 g?a??íêè?è?é?éú3é??????ê±·?3?èèá?121 kJ￡??ùò?1 mol H2ó?12 mol O2íêè?è?é?éú3é1 mol??????ê±·?3?èèá?242 kJ?￡???ˉ?§·′ó|?D???ùò?′??ú?üá?μ?±??ˉê?òò?a?ú?ˉ?§·′ó|1y3ì?D′??ú?é?üμ???á?ó?D??üμ?D?3é￡????D?é?üμ???á?Dèòa?üê??üá???D..