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1￡?(2012•ê?ìaμ÷?D)ò??a·′ó|X￡?Y===M￡?N?a·?èè·′ó|￡?????·′ó|μ???áD?μ·¨?D?yè·μ?ê?(????)
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D￡?òò?a??·′ó|?a·?èè·′ó|￡?1ê2?±??óèè·′ó|?í?é·￠éú
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μ?2|￡o·?èè·′ó|ê?·′ó|??μ?×üìê′óóúéú3é??μ?×üìêμ?·′ó|?￡
2￡?1?óú?ˉ?§·′ó|±??êμ??μ·¨?yè·μ?ê?(????)
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D￡???Dèòa?óèè
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3￡?(2012•ê?ìaμ÷?D)êˉ??oí?e??êˉ??ê?ì??a??μ?μ￥?ê￡?êˉ???úò??¨ì??t???é×a?ˉ?a?e??êˉ?￡ò??a12 gêˉ??íêè?×a?ˉ3é?e??êˉê±￡?òa?üê?E kJμ??üá?￡???áD?μ·¨?yè·μ?ê?(????)
A￡?êˉ??2?è??e??êˉ?è?¨
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D￡?μè?êá?μ?êˉ??ó??e??êˉíêè?è?é?￡??t??·?3?μ?èèá??àμè
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μ?2|￡oêˉ??×a?ˉ3é?e??êˉòa?üê??üá?￡??μ?÷?e??êˉo?óDμ??üá??à￡??ò2??è?¨￡?A2?è·?¨￡?B?yè·￡?è?é?μèá?μ?êˉ??oí?e??êˉ￡??e??êˉ·?3?μ??üá??à?￡C?￠D?ù2??yè·?￡

4￡?(2012•?-μ??°ìa??Yí)óéí?·???￡?óD1?Deê??yè·μ?ê?(????)
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B￡?A¨D?úB￡?Cê?·?èè·′ó|
C￡?A??óDμ??üá???óúBoíC??óDμ??üá?×üoí
D￡?A¨D?úB￡?Cê??üèè·′ó|￡?B￡?C¨D?úAê?·?èè·′ó|
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5￡???áD±??ˉê?óú?üèè·′ó|μ?ê?(????)
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A￡?￠ú￠ü?????????????? B￡?￠ù￠ü
C￡?￠ú￠? D￡?￠ù￠ü￠Y
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μ?2|￡o3￡??μ??üèè·′ó|óD·??a·′ó|μè￡??ùò?￠ú￠üê??üèè·′ó|?￡￠??¨áò?á??êíμ?è··?èè￡?μ?ê?2?ê?óú·′ó|?￡
6￡?(2012•?-μ??°ìa??Yí)??áD·′ó|?èê????ˉ?1?-·′ó|￡?ó?ê??üèè·′ó|μ?ê?(????)
A￡??á??ó???áò?á·′ó|
B￡?Ba(OH)2•8H2Oó?NH4Cl·′ó|
C￡?×?èèμ?ì?ó?CO2·′ó|
D￡??×íé?úO2?Dμ?è?é?·′ó|
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μ?2|￡oò??aê??üèè·′ó|μ?ê?BoíC￡?μ?B·′ó|·?3ìê??aBa(OH)2•8H2O￡?2NH4Cl===BaCl2￡?2NH3?ü￡?10H2O￡?ê?·????ˉ?1?-·′ó|￡?C·′ó|·?3ìê??aC￡?CO22CO￡?ê????ˉ?1?-·′ó|?￡
7￡???áD1y3ìò??¨êí·?3??üá?μ?ê?(????)
A￡??ˉo?·′ó| B￡?·??a·′ó|
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8￡?(2012•é?o￡??èy?￡?a)??áD???ˉ?§·′ó|μ?è?ê?′í?óμ?ê?(????)
A￡?óD?ˉ?§?ü???μμ?ò??¨ê??ˉ?§·′ó|
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C￡??é?ü?áòy?e???ê×′ì?μ?±??ˉ
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μ?2|￡o?ˉ?§·′ó|μ?êμ?êê?·′ó|???ˉ?§?ü??á?í?ê±éú3é???ˉ?§?üéú3é￡?è?ê3??μ?è??ˉ1y3ì?D??óDà?×ó?üμ???á?￡?μ?ê???óD?ˉ?§?üμ?éú3é￡?ê3??μ?è??ˉê???àí±??ˉ?￡

9￡???áD·′ó|?D·?o?í?ê??üá?±??ˉμ?ê?(????)
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C￡?Naó???·′ó|
D￡?1¤òμé?ó?H2?1?-Fe2O3??Fe
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μ?2|￡oóéí?ê??üá?±??ˉ?é?a￡???·′ó|?a·?èè·′ó|?￡A?￠B?￠C?￠D?????????D??óDC?a·?èè·′ó|￡??????ù?a?üèè·′ó|?￡
10￡?ò??aH2(g)￡?Br2(l)===2HBr(g)??|¤H￡?￡-72 kJ•mol￡-1￡???·￠1 mol Br2(l)Dèòa?üê?μ??üá??a30 kJ￡??????à1?êy?Yè???±í￡o
H2(g) Br2(g) HBr(g)
1 mol·?×ó?Dμ??ˉ?§?ü??á?ê±Dèòa?üê?μ??üá?/kJ 436 a 369
?ò±í?Da?a(????)
A￡?404 B￡?260
C￡?230 D￡?200
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μ?2|￡o?ˉ?§·′ó|μ?êμ?êê??é?ü??á?(?üê??üá?)oíD??üD?3é(·?3??üá?)￡?1êóD|¤H￡?(436￡?30￡?a￡-369?á2)kJ•mol￡-1￡?￡-72kJ•mol￡-1￡?a￡?200￡?D???yè·?￡
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11￡?(2012•ê?ìaμ÷?D)è???í??ùê?￡?°?ê?1ü·?è?ê￠óD25??±￥oíêˉ?ò??μ?é?±-?D￡?ê?1ü?D?aê?·?è???D??é????￡??ùμ?è?5 mL?????á?￡ê???′e??áD?êìa￡o

(1)êμ?é?D1?2ìμ?μ????óê?_______________________________ _________________________________________￡?
(2)2úéúé?ê????óμ??-òòê?______________________________ __________________________________________￡?
(3)D′3?óD1?·′ó|μ?à?×ó·?3ìê?_____________________ __________________________________________________￡?
(4)óéêμ?éí??a￡?MgCl2èüòooíH2μ?×üìê______(ì??°′óóú?±?￠?°D?óú?±?ò?°μèóú?±)????oí???áμ?×üìê?￡
′e°?￡o(1)￠ù????é?óD′óá????Y2úéú￡?￠ú?????e?￥èü?a￡?￠?é?±-?Dèüòo±???×???(2)????ó????á·′ó|2úéú?a??￡???·′ó|?a·?èè·′ó|￡?Ca(OH)2μ?èü?a?è?????èμ?éy?????μμí￡?1ê??3?Ca(OH)21ìì?￡?èüòo±???×???(3)Mg￡?2H￡?===Mg2￡?￡?H2?ü??(4)D?óú
12￡?(2012•?-μ??°ìa??Yí)?úò??¨ì??t??￡?AoíB·′ó|?ééú3éCoíD￡????üá?±??ˉè???￡o

(1)??áDóD1?·′ó|A￡?B===C￡?Dμ??μ·¨?yè·μ?ê?(????)
A￡?·′ó|?°oó?-×óμ???ààoíêy??ò??¨2?±?
B￡???·′ó|è?óDèèá?±??ˉ￡??òò??¨ê????ˉ?1?-·′ó|
C￡?è???·′ó|?a·?èè·′ó|￡??ò2?Dè?óèè·′ó|?íò??¨?ü×?·￠??DD
D￡?·′ó|??μ?×ü?êá?ó?éú3é??μ?×ü?êá?ò??¨?àμè￡??ò×??-?üá?ê?o?
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μ?2|￡o(1)òà?Y?êá?ê?o?oí?üá?ê?o?￡?AD?yè·￡?B?????ˉ?1?-·′ó|μ?ì??÷ê??a???ˉo???·￠éú±??ˉ￡?C??·?èè·′ó|óDD?ò2Dèòa?óèè?￡(2)E1?±?°?üê?èèá?￡?1ê·′ó|·?èè?￡
(2)1 mol N2íêè?·′ó|éú3éNH3μ?·′ó|èè?a|¤H￡?￡-(2 346￡-2 254)kJ/mol￡?￡-92 kJ/mol￡???1 mol H2??ó?13mol N2·′ó|￡??ùò?1 mol H2íêè?·′ó|éú3éNH3μ?·′ó|èè?a￡o
|¤H￡?￡-92 kJ/mol?á13￡?￡-30.6 kJ/mol?￡

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