基于單片機的超聲波測距儀



目錄

目錄 I

摘要 III

Abstract IV

第一章  緒論 1

1.1  引言 1

1.1.1  設(shè)計的應(yīng)用前景 1

1.1.2  課題研究的意義 1

1.2  概述 2

1.2.1  單片機應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)概述 2

1.2.2  超聲波測距系統(tǒng)概述 2

1.3  本設(shè)計主要要求 3

第二章  超聲波測距原理 4

2.1  超聲波的基本理論 4

2.2  超聲波測距系統(tǒng)原理 4

2.2.1  超聲波傳感器 4

2.2.2  超聲波測距的方案 5

第三章  總體設(shè)計方案 8

3.1  超聲波測距系統(tǒng)電路總體設(shè)計方案 8

3.2  超聲波發(fā)射和接收電路的設(shè)計 9

3.2.1  超聲波發(fā)射電路 9

3.2.2  超聲波接收電路 10

3.2.3  顯示電路 11

3.3  主電路原理圖 11

第四章  系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計 13

4.1  主程序流程 13

4.2  子程序設(shè)計 14

4.2.1  發(fā)送中斷子程序 14

4.2.2  距離計算子程序 16

第五章  軟件調(diào)試及系統(tǒng)仿真 17

5.1  軟件編譯調(diào)試環(huán)境 17

5.2  工程文件的建立、設(shè)置與目標文件的獲得 17

5.2.1  Keil工程的建立 17

5.2.2  工程的詳細設(shè)置 19

5.2.3  編譯、連接 20

5.3  系統(tǒng)仿真 21

5.3.1  Proteus工作界面 21

5.3.2  Proteus原理圖的繪制 22

5.3.3  仿真 22

5.4  誤差及特性分析 24

第六章  后續(xù)研究工作 25

參考文獻 26

附錄 27

附錄一  系統(tǒng)原理圖 27

附錄二  系統(tǒng)PCB板圖 28

附錄三  源程序 28

附錄四  元器件清單 34

致謝 35

 

摘要

利用超聲波測距原理，出于低成本、高精度的目的，提出了一種基于AT89S52的超聲波倒車雷達系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計方案。硬件部分采用AT89S52單片機作為控制器，主要有超聲波發(fā)射電路、超聲波接收電路、溫度檢測電路、LED顯示電路和報警電路。在分析超聲波測距原理的基礎(chǔ)上，給出了實現(xiàn)超聲波倒車雷達系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計電路圖和軟件設(shè)計流程圖。該系統(tǒng)測量精度為1cm，測量范圍為0.50-4.00m，完全能夠滿足各類實驗系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計要求。

整個硬件電路由超聲波發(fā)射電路、超聲波接收電路、電源電路、顯示電路等模塊組成。各探頭的信號經(jīng)單片機綜合分析處理，實現(xiàn)超聲波測距儀的各種功能。在此基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計了系統(tǒng)的總體方案，最后通過硬件和軟件實現(xiàn)了各個功能模塊。相關(guān)部分附有硬件電路圖、程序流程圖，給出了系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成、電路原理及程序設(shè)計。此系統(tǒng)具有易控制、工作可靠、測距準確度高、可讀性強和流程清晰等優(yōu)點。實現(xiàn)后的作品可用于需要測量距離參數(shù)的各種應(yīng)用場合。

關(guān)鍵字：單片機；超聲波；測距 

 

Ultrasonic Wave Range Finder Based On SCM

Abstract

Use of ultrasonic distance measurement principle, due to low cost, high accuracy, proposed one kind based on the AT89S52ultrasonic reversing radar of the system design. The hardware part of the single-chip microcomputer as the controller by using AT89S52, mainly of ultrasonic transmitting circuit, receiving circuit, temperature detection circuit, LED display circuit and alarm circuit. On the analysis of the principle of ultrasonic distance measurement based on, given the realization of ultrasonic reversing radar system hardware design circuit diagram and software design flow chart. The measuring accuracy of the system is 1cm, the measurement range is 0.50-4.00m, fully able to meet the car reversing system design requirements.

The entire hardware circuit is composed by ultrasonic transmitter circuit, ultrasonic receiver circuit, the power circuit, display circuit, and other modules. The probe signals are integrated analysis by SCM to achieve the various functions of ultrasonic distance measurement instrument. This has designed system's overall concept based on, final adoption of hardware and software to achieve the various functional modules. The relevant parts have the hardware schematics and process flow chart.It has given the system constitution, the circuitry and the programming. The instrument system has features: ease of control, stability of operation, highness of precision and distinctness of programme process ,etc. After the realization of the work can be used for needs of the various parameters measured distance applications.

Keywords:SCM,Ultrasonic wave,Distance measurement