地震波引起的液體儲(chǔ)罐壁面的壓力分布分析

摘  要

液體晃動(dòng)動(dòng)力學(xué)在實(shí)際工程結(jié)構(gòu)分析中有廣泛的應(yīng)用，一直以來(lái)都是國(guó)際上研究的前沿課題之一。在航天結(jié)構(gòu)中，如液體火箭、飛船、航天飛機(jī)、單級(jí)入軌充液航天器和空間站等，液體晃動(dòng)的抑制對(duì)系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定控制顯得非常的重要。此外，在日常生活中，對(duì)船舶貯液箱、油罐車(chē)中的液體晃動(dòng)控制以及儲(chǔ)油罐的防震等的研究，也有著重要的理論意義和工程應(yīng)用價(jià)值。

液體儲(chǔ)罐是石油儲(chǔ)運(yùn)中的重要設(shè)施。近年來(lái)，我國(guó)石油化工業(yè)發(fā)展迅速，建造了更多、更大的固定式液體儲(chǔ)罐。一方面，我國(guó)是一個(gè)多地震國(guó)家，許多液體儲(chǔ)罐罐位于地震區(qū)；另一方面，我國(guó)當(dāng)前面臨一個(gè)新的地震活動(dòng)高潮期，所以液體儲(chǔ)罐的抗震研究具有十分迫切而重要的意義。

本文對(duì)液體儲(chǔ)罐內(nèi)介質(zhì)的晃動(dòng)進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬，重點(diǎn)考察了沖擊力、壓強(qiáng)、雷諾數(shù)等物理量的變化。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，晃動(dòng)所產(chǎn)生的最大壓強(qiáng)遠(yuǎn)大于初始最大靜壓強(qiáng)，流場(chǎng)湍動(dòng)劇烈。在數(shù)值模擬基礎(chǔ)上，選擇流體體積法作為晃動(dòng)流場(chǎng)的描述方法，以加速度、充裝率、介質(zhì)密度和罐體容積等變量為參數(shù)，擬合出了沿運(yùn)動(dòng)方向慣性力作用下介質(zhì)晃動(dòng)的情況，得到了自由液面、壓強(qiáng)以及剪切應(yīng)力的變化。

關(guān)鍵詞：固定式液體儲(chǔ)罐，慣性力加載，液體晃動(dòng)，應(yīng)力強(qiáng)度，流體體積法

PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS OF LIQUID STORAGE TANK WALL CAUSED BY SEISMIC WAVES

ABSTRACT

The dynamics of liquid sloshing have wide application in engineering structure analysis and are the international focus research fields at all times. In some spaceflight equipments, such as, liquid rockets, space shuttles, space stations and so on, the liquid sloshing and controlling research is very important for keeping systems stable. In addition, it is of theoretic significance and applied values of engineering how to control the liquid sloshing of the fluid containers and oil tank trains in our daily life.

  Liquid tanks are important facilities in oil storage and transportation. Recently, with the rapid development of petroleum chemistry industry, more and more liquid tanks have been built. China locates in an area with high-frequency of earthquakes. Furthermore, most of liquid tanks were built in the seismic area. Therefore, it is important to research the seismic response of the liquid tanks.

liquid sloshing was numerically simulated with the emphasis on the changes of impact force，pressure and Reynolds Number．1t was found that the maximum pressure produced by liquid sloshing is much larger than the initial static pressure and severe turbulence in flow field is produced upon sloshing．Based on the numerical simulation, the VOF method has been improved for description of the sloshing fluid field，with acceleration, filling rate, liquid density and tank volume and such variables as the parameters, fit out the liquid sloshing along the movement direction under the action of the inertia force and get the changes of free liquid surface，pressure and shear stress．

Key words：Fixed liquid storage tanks，inertia force，liquid sloshing，stress intensity，vof

目錄

中文摘要

ABSTRCT

第一章 緒論 1

1.1課題研究的目的與意義 1

1.2前人的研究成果 1

1.2.1對(duì)液體晃動(dòng)的研究 1

1.2.2對(duì)強(qiáng)度的研究 5

1.3研究的內(nèi)容和難點(diǎn) 6

1.3.1研究?jī)?nèi)容 6

1.3.2研究方法和技術(shù)路線概述 7

1.3.3本課題的難點(diǎn) 7

第二章 基本理論 8

2.1計(jì)算流體力學(xué)（CFD）概述 8

2.2流體力學(xué)的基本理論 8

2.2.1質(zhì)量守恒方程 9

2.2.2動(dòng)量守恒方程 9

2.2.3能量守恒方程 10

2.3湍流模型簡(jiǎn)介 11

2.4液體晃動(dòng)問(wèn)題的研究方法 13

2.4.1液體晃動(dòng)理論 13

2.4.2液體晃動(dòng)問(wèn)題常用的數(shù)值模擬方法 13

2.4.3 VOF模型 15

2.4.4 UDF 15

2.5 FLUENT軟件簡(jiǎn)介 16

2.6本章小結(jié) 17

第三章 固定式液體儲(chǔ)罐的數(shù)值模擬 18

3.1罐體中液體晃動(dòng)的數(shù)值模擬 18

3.1.1數(shù)值模擬的流體模型 18

3.1.2 邊界條件 18

3.1.3 網(wǎng)格劃分 18

3.1.4流體網(wǎng)格驗(yàn)證 19

3.1.5求解器設(shè)置 19

3.2液體晃動(dòng)計(jì)算結(jié)果 21

3.2.1液體晃動(dòng)過(guò)程 21

3.2.2液體晃動(dòng)過(guò)程各物理量隨時(shí)間變化 25

3.3結(jié)論 30

3.4本章小結(jié) 30

第四章 結(jié)論 31

4.1 結(jié)論 31

4.2研究工作總結(jié)和展望 31

參考文獻(xiàn) 32