包含消費者間信息交流的HOTELLING競爭模型
9000字 20頁



摘 要
與傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)品市場相比較，電子商務(wù)市場的一個重要特征是消費者間的信息交流更加迅速，范圍更加廣泛，所需的成本也大大減少。這個特征為企業(yè)間的競爭增加了一個新的可以利用的層面。本論文探討消費者間信息交流對廠商間價格競爭策略的影響。我們將一個消費者間互相學習產(chǎn)品差異的機制引入到經(jīng)典的 Hotelling 線性城市（Linear City）模型中。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)兩個廠商可以通過制定不同的價格來建立一個消費者“抱怨的窗口”，從而降低消費者對于產(chǎn)品差異的不確定性。這個“抱怨的窗口”可以幫助企業(yè)賺取更大的利潤。消費者間的信息交流可以幫助解釋寡頭市場的價格擴散(price dispersion) 現(xiàn)象。同時我們也討論了信息的公共產(chǎn)品特性。

關(guān)鍵詞 電子商務(wù) 寡頭 價格競爭 價格擴散 信息交流 公共產(chǎn)品



The unprecedented easiness of exchanging information among consumers on the internet could add another dimension to the firms’ competition against each other. In this paper, we introduce consumers’ learning from each other about the degree of product differentiation into a Hotelling duopoly model, and investigate how the consumers’ learning behaviors affect the market equilibria. We show that in equilibrium it could be optimal for the two firms to charge different prices and set up a “window of complaints” to reduce the consumers’ uncertainty on product differentiation. Communication among consumers through word of mouth can help explain the existence of price dispersion in a duopolistic market. We also discuss some implications of the public good aspect of information about product differentiation.