微機(jī)無功補(bǔ)償裝置設(shè)計(jì)
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摘 要
本文提出了采用一種重要的FACTS設(shè)備之一靜態(tài)無功補(bǔ)償器(SVC)來改善電網(wǎng)無功電壓控制的方案。晶閘管控制電抗器(TCR)型靜止無功補(bǔ)償裝置(SVC)由于其對快速波動負(fù)荷補(bǔ)償?shù)牧己眯Ч蔀榻陙頍o功補(bǔ)償?shù)臒狳c(diǎn)。這種無功補(bǔ)償設(shè)備目前己越來越多地應(yīng)用在國內(nèi)外其它電力系統(tǒng)中，而且今后還有著廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。本文著重分析了SVC控制器的組成和它進(jìn)行電壓控制的原理。磁閥式可控電抗器是一種新型的無功補(bǔ)償設(shè)備，它具有近似線性的伏安特性，很小的諧波成分，較快的響應(yīng)速度，是電網(wǎng)進(jìn)行無功補(bǔ)償和電壓調(diào)整的首選設(shè)備。本文采用以單片機(jī)為核心的設(shè)計(jì)控制器。包括檢測電路、控制電路、觸發(fā)電路、鍵盤顯示電路和通信電路等。檢測電路用于檢測變壓器二次側(cè)的電壓和電流并獲取同步信號;控制電路根據(jù)相應(yīng)的控制策略，對檢測信號和給定輸入量進(jìn)行計(jì)算，給出控制信號;觸發(fā)電路根據(jù)控制信號輸出的控制信號產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)觸發(fā)角的晶閘管觸發(fā)脈沖;鍵盤可用來輸入各種控制指令，顯示電路可以直觀的輸出系統(tǒng)的各種狀態(tài);通信電路提供與控制站的數(shù)據(jù)交換，以便實(shí)現(xiàn)電力系統(tǒng)的集中控制。最后，介紹了整個(gè)控制裝置的軟件和硬件實(shí)現(xiàn)，并詳細(xì)敘述了所采用的措施和方法。在控制器硬件電路的基礎(chǔ)上，利用C語言進(jìn)行軟件編程實(shí)現(xiàn)了控制器對裝置的自動控制。


關(guān)鍵詞：靜態(tài)無功補(bǔ)償器；晶閘管控制電抗器；磁閥式可控電抗器；單片機(jī)



Abstract
In order to improve the voltage control techniques, an advanced scheme based on a thyristor-controlled FACTS device-namely SVC is introduced in this thesis. Static Var Compensator(SVC) based on Thyristor Controlled Reactor(TCR) has good compensation-performance for rapid changing load, so it has become a hotspot in recent years. The SVCs are so effective that they have been used widely and likely to be selected for new applications. This systems, thesis is focused primarily on various components of SVC control and protection as well as the operating principles and the control techniques of voltage regulation for SVC's controllers. Magnetic valve controllable reactor is a newly reactive power compensation device. It has an approximate linear A-V characteristic，less harmonics and relative less response time. It is the first device in the area of voltage regulation and reactive power compensation. This paper presents a controller with an Single Chip Microcomputer as the core. It consists of measure circuit, control circuit, trigger circuit, keyboard, display circuit and communicating circuit. The measuring circuit is to measure the secondary voltages and currents of transformer and capture the synchronous signal; the control circuit is to calculate the control outputs with the measured signal and the input parameter according the relevant control scheme; the trigger circuit products the pulses to trigger the thyristors with the control outputs; user can input control instruction with the keyboard; and the display circuit can show states of the system intuitionisticly; communicating circuit provides the data to control station, this can realize the concentrative control. Finally, the paper introduces the software and hardware realization of the device. On this hardware platform, automatic control of the equipment is realized by programming in the C language.

Key words：Static Var Compensator；Thyristor Controlled Reactor ；Magnetic valve controllable reactor；Single Chip Microcomputer


目 錄
目 錄 III
第1章 緒 論 1
1.1 無功功率的基本概念及研究意義 1
1.2 無功功率對電力系統(tǒng)的影響 2
1.3 電力系統(tǒng)無功電源與無功負(fù)荷 3
1.4 無功功率補(bǔ)償?shù)淖饔?5
1.5 無功功率補(bǔ)償裝置 6
1.6 動態(tài)無功功率補(bǔ)償 7
1.7 論文主要內(nèi)容 8
第2章 控制方案設(shè)計(jì) 9
2.1 靜止無功功率補(bǔ)償器 9
2.2 晶閘管可控制電抗器的基本原理 10
2.3 晶閘管控制電抗器與固定式電容器配合使用 12
2.4 磁閥式可控電抗器的原理及控制方程 13
2.5 控制方式 17
第3章 控制系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計(jì) 18
3.1 控制總方案 18
3.2 控制電路 19
3.3 數(shù)據(jù)采集電路 26
3.4 同步信號檢測 29
3.5 晶閘管控制電路 30
3.6 鍵盤／顯示電路 31
3.7 開關(guān)量輸入/輸出電路 33
3.8 通信電路 34
第4章 程序設(shè)計(jì) 36
4.1 主程序 36
4.2 自檢子程序 36
4.3 鍵盤掃描程序 39
4.4 通信程序 40
4.5 觸發(fā)角控制程序 41
4.6 電壓穩(wěn)定程序 42
第5章 結(jié)論 43
參考文獻(xiàn) 44
致 謝 45
附 錄1 46
附 錄2 50
附 錄3 53
附 錄4 59


參考文獻(xiàn)
[9] 王兆安,電力電子技術(shù), 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社
[10] 單片機(jī)基礎(chǔ), 李廣弟, 北京航空航天大學(xué)出版社
[11] 郭家驥，劉宗歧,電力系統(tǒng)分析學(xué)習(xí)指導(dǎo)書,中央廣播電視大學(xué)版社
[12] 陽月令，變電站電壓無功綜合控制的研究，湖南大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文
[13] 卞利鋼.基于有源電力濾波器的單相無諧波磁閥式可控電抗器的研究.武漢大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文
[14] Feng Guihong and Wang Fengxiang and Wang Jin， Design principles of magnetically controlled reactor， Electrical Machines and System
[15] J.Michael Jacob ,Power Electronics : Principles & Applications , Thomson Learning