單片機直流電機調(diào)速控制器的設(shè)計

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設(shè)計題目： 專業(yè)方向綜合課程設(shè)計
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·摘要
隨著現(xiàn)代科學技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展，極大地推動了不同學科的交叉與滲透，導致了工程領(lǐng)域的技術(shù)革命與改造。在這個經(jīng)濟突飛猛進的時代，在機械工程領(lǐng)域，由于微電子技術(shù)和計算機技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展及其向機械工業(yè)的滲透所形成的機電一體化，使機械工業(yè)的技術(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)、產(chǎn)品機構(gòu)、功能與構(gòu)成、生產(chǎn)方式及管理體系發(fā)生了巨大變化，使工業(yè)生產(chǎn)由“機械電氣化”邁入了“機電一體化”為特征的發(fā)展階段。機電不只是機電，而今天機電一體化技術(shù)是面向應用的跨學科的技術(shù)，它是機械技術(shù)、微電子技術(shù)、信息技術(shù)和控制技術(shù)等有機融合、相互滲透的結(jié)果。今天機電一體化技術(shù)發(fā)展飛速，機電一體化產(chǎn)品更新日新月異。其未來將朝著智能化、微型化、系統(tǒng)化、光機電一體化方向發(fā)展。在電氣時代的今天，電動機在工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)與人們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪卸计鹬种匾淖饔谩Ｖ绷麟姍C作為最常見的一種電機，具有非常優(yōu)秀的線性機械特性、較寬的調(diào)速范圍、良好的起動性以及簡單的控制電路等優(yōu)點，因此在社會的各個領(lǐng)域中都得到了十分廣泛的應用。
本文設(shè)計了直流電機控制系統(tǒng)的基本方案，闡述了該系統(tǒng)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)、工作原理、運行特性及其設(shè)計方法。本系統(tǒng)采用霍爾元器件測量電動機的轉(zhuǎn)速，用MCS-51單片機對直流電機的轉(zhuǎn)速進行控制，用DAC0832芯片實現(xiàn)輸出模擬電壓值來控制直流電動機的轉(zhuǎn)速。本設(shè)計主要研究直流電機的控制和測量方法，從而對電機的控制精度、響應速度以及節(jié)約能源等都具有重要意義。
·關(guān)鍵詞：直流電機 單片機 轉(zhuǎn)速控制
Abstract:With the continuous development of modern science and technology, has greatly promoted the intersection of different disciplines and infiltration, leading to the field of engineering technology revolution and transformation. In this era of rapid economic growth in the field of mechanical engineering, microelectronics and computer technology since the rapid development and penetration to the machinery industry formed by mechanical and electrical integration, the technology of mechanical industry structure, product organization, function and composition, production methods and management system has undergone tremendous changes, industrial production by the "electric machinery" into a "mechatronics" as the characteristic stage of development. Electrical not only mechanical and electrical, mechanical and electrical integration, and today technology is application-oriented interdisciplinary technology, mechanical technology, microelectronics, information technology and control technology of organic integration, the result of mutual penetration. Today, the rapid development of mechatronics, mechatronics product updates with each passing day. Its future will be towards the intelligent, miniaturized, systematic, optical electromechanical integration direction. In electrical time's today, the electric motor is playing the very vital role in the industry and agriculture production with the people daily life. The direct current machine takes the most common one kind of electrical machinery, has the very outstanding linear physical characteristics, the wide governor deflection, the good starting as well as merits and so on simple control circuit, therefore obtained the very widespread application in society's each domain. 　 This article has designed the direct current machine control system's basic scheme, elaborated this system's basic structure, the principle of work, the operating characteristic and the design method. This system uses the Hall primary device to survey electric motor's rotational speed, carries on the control with the MCS-51 monolithic integrated circuit to direct current machine's rotational speed, realizes the output analogue voltage value with the DAC0832 chip to control direct current motor's rotational speed. This design main research direct current machine's control and measuring technique, thus to the electrical machinery the control precision, the speed of response as well as saves the energy and so on to have the important meaning.
Key words: Direct current machine monolithic integrated circuit speed control

目 錄
摘要................................................（03）
關(guān)鍵字..............................................（03）
1 前言................................................（04）
2 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計............................................（04）
2.1 直流電機調(diào)速原理................................（04）
2.2 系統(tǒng)硬件組成原理................................（04）
2.3 直流電動機轉(zhuǎn)速控制系統(tǒng)的工作原理.................（05）
2.4 轉(zhuǎn)速測量電路原理................................（05）
2.5 直流電動機轉(zhuǎn)速控制系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計.... ..............（06）
2.6 直流電動機轉(zhuǎn)速控制系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計...... ............（07）
3 結(jié)論................................................（07）
附錄..................................................（08）
參考文獻..............................................（13） 1、尹耕欽，唐緒偉 城市交通信號燈模擬控制系統(tǒng) 微計算機信息 2005第10-1期