基于單片機(jī)控制PWM的直流電機(jī)調(diào)速
1.9萬(wàn)字 43頁(yè)


摘 要

本文主要研究了利用單片機(jī)控制PWM信號(hào)從而實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)直流電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速進(jìn)行控制的方法。文章中對(duì)PWM信號(hào)的原理、產(chǎn)生方法以及如何通過(guò)軟件編程對(duì)PWM信號(hào)占空比進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)，從而控制其輸入信號(hào)波形等均作了詳細(xì)的闡述。
pwm(pulse width modulation)控制就是指保持開(kāi)關(guān)周期t不變，調(diào)節(jié)開(kāi)關(guān)導(dǎo)通時(shí)間t 對(duì)脈沖的寬度進(jìn)行調(diào)制的技術(shù)。pwm控制技術(shù)在晶閘管時(shí)代就已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生，但是最初為了使晶閘管通斷要付出很大的代價(jià)，因而難以得到廣泛應(yīng)用。以igbt、功率mosfet等為代表的全控型器件的不斷完善，給pwm控制技術(shù)提供了強(qiáng)大的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)，推動(dòng)這項(xiàng)技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展。對(duì)于直流電機(jī)，采用pwm控制技術(shù)構(gòu)成的無(wú)級(jí)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)，起停時(shí)對(duì)直流系統(tǒng)無(wú)沖擊，并且具有啟動(dòng)功耗小、運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定的特點(diǎn)。
PWM控制的基本原理很早就已經(jīng)提出，但是受電力電子器件發(fā)展水平的制約，在上世紀(jì)80年代以前一直未能實(shí)現(xiàn)。直到進(jìn)入上世紀(jì)80年代，隨著全控型電力電子器件的出現(xiàn)和迅速發(fā)展，PWM控制技術(shù)才真正得到應(yīng)用。隨著電力電子技術(shù)、微電子技術(shù)和自動(dòng)控制技術(shù)的發(fā)展以及各種新的理論方法，如現(xiàn)代控制理論、非線(xiàn)性系統(tǒng)控制思想的應(yīng)用，PWM控制技術(shù)獲得了空前的發(fā)展。

關(guān)鍵詞：直流電機(jī) PWM 單片機(jī)



Abstract
This paper studies the use of single-chip PWM signal in order to achieve control of DC motor speed control method. Article, the principle of the PWM signal, the method and how through software programming of the PWM signal duty cycle to regulate, to control all of its input signal waveform described in detail.
pwm (pulse width modulation) control means to maintain the same switching cycle t regulate the switch turn-on time t for pulse width modulation technology. thyristor pwm control technology in the era has produced, but the first thyristor in order to break a very high price tag, it is difficult to be widely used. To igbt, power mosfet, etc. on behalf of the entire control-type devices continued to be refined, pwm control technology to provide a strong material foundation and promote the rapid development of the technology. For the DC motor using pwm control technique consisting of stepless speed regulation system, since stopping time without impact on the DC system and have to start small power consumption, stable operation characteristics.
PWM control of the basic principles of a very long time ago already, but by the level of development of power electronic devices constraints, in the last century until the 80's did not materialize. Into the last century until the 80's, with full control of power electronic devices and the rapid development of emerging, PWM control techniques applied to the real. With the power electronics technology, microelectronic technology and the development of automatic control technology and a variety of new theoretical methods, such as modern control theory, nonlinear system control the application of ideas, PWM control techniques to obtain
an unprecedented development.

Key words: DC motor ；PWM ；Single Chip




目 錄

1 緒　論 …………………………………………………………………………………5
1.1 畢業(yè)論文選題的背景及研究目標(biāo) ………………………………………………5
1.2 課題的研究意義 ………………………………………………………………6
1.3 PWM的基本原理 …………………………………………………………………7
1.4開(kāi)發(fā)工具簡(jiǎn)介 ………………………………………………………………………8
1.4.1 KEIL Cx51 …………………………………………………………………9
1.4.2 PROTEUS ……………………………………………………………………10
2 直流電機(jī)工作原理及其控制理 ………………………………………………11
2.1電機(jī)的分類(lèi) ………………………………………………………………………11
2.2直流電機(jī)主要結(jié)構(gòu)…………………………………………………………………11
2.3直流電動(dòng)機(jī)工作原理………………………………………………………………14
3 系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì)…………………………………………………………………………18
3.1 單片機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)……………………………………………………………………18
3.1.1 時(shí)鐘信號(hào)的產(chǎn)生………………………………………………………………18
3.1.2 復(fù)位信號(hào)及其產(chǎn)生……………………………………………………………19
3.1.3復(fù)位方式………………………………………………………………………20
3.2.1 全控整流電路……………………………………………………………………20
3.2.2 晶閘管觸發(fā)電路………………………………………………………………22
3.3 驅(qū)動(dòng)電路設(shè)計(jì) ……………………………………………………………………25
3.4 直流調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的保護(hù)………………………………………………………………26
3.4.1 過(guò)電壓保護(hù) …………………………………………………………………26
3.4.2 電流保護(hù) ……………………………………………………………………28
4 系統(tǒng)測(cè)試…………………………………………………………………………………30
5 系統(tǒng)中的不足與展望…………………………………………………………………34
參考文獻(xiàn) ……………………………………………………………………………………35
致 謝 ………………………………………………………………………………………36
附 錄 ………………………………………………………………………………………37


本文主要研究了利用單片機(jī)控制PWM信號(hào)從而實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)直流電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速進(jìn)行控制的方法。文章中對(duì)PWM信號(hào)的原理、產(chǎn)生方法以及如何通過(guò)軟件編程對(duì)PWM信號(hào)占空比進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)，從而控制其輸入信號(hào)波形等均作了詳細(xì)的闡述。


參考文獻(xiàn)

[1] 陳伯時(shí)．電力拖動(dòng)自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)［Ｍ］．北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2000.6
[2] 張明達(dá)．電力拖動(dòng)自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)［Ｍ］．北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，1983
[3] 向波，廉文利，朱全印．基于Matlab/Simulink直流調(diào)速控制系統(tǒng)［Ｍ］．中文核心期刊《微計(jì)算機(jī)信息》測(cè)控自動(dòng)化