摘 要

節(jié)拍是塑造音樂形象的基本表現(xiàn)手法，它用強(qiáng)弱關(guān)系來組織音樂，使音值相同的重音與非重音有規(guī)律的循環(huán)重復(fù)。節(jié)拍器是一種會打拍子的設(shè)備，它使練琴或練聲音者藉以正確掌握樂曲速度，從而使音樂練習(xí)達(dá)到事半功倍的效果。節(jié)拍器分機(jī)械式和電子式的兩種，本文介紹的是基于單片機(jī)設(shè)計的電子節(jié)拍器。
電子節(jié)拍器是音樂教學(xué)中非常重要的儀器，是為不同拍號音樂打出速度可調(diào)、 強(qiáng)弱拍反復(fù)交替的節(jié)拍使用的。此類節(jié)拍器以AT89C51單片機(jī)為控制核心,充分利用其中斷和定時系統(tǒng),通過C語言或匯編語言程序設(shè)計,控制外部相關(guān)硬件電路,實現(xiàn)了對電子音樂節(jié)拍的調(diào)節(jié),音色優(yōu)美。電子節(jié)拍器廣泛應(yīng)用在電子琴、鋼琴、臨床心電圖等各個領(lǐng)域中。電子節(jié)拍器的性能 越來越優(yōu)越，如穩(wěn)定的等值性，足夠的速度范圍，速度可變，調(diào)節(jié)方便、準(zhǔn)確。本節(jié)拍器應(yīng)用單片機(jī)設(shè)計制作，固定頻率可調(diào)，可儲存多模式，可為音樂愛好者培養(yǎng)樂感,也可作為專業(yè)人士音樂創(chuàng)作或者歌聲伴奏中的節(jié)拍產(chǎn)生器。

關(guān)鍵詞：電子節(jié)拍器，單片機(jī)，中斷，定時系統(tǒng)，硬件電路



Metronome program based on the AT89C51 single-chip design

ABSTRACT

Beat is to create the image of the basic musical techniques from the strength of its relationships with organizations, music, sound values to the same stress and non stress a regular cycle to repeat. Metronome is a device would beat time, it makes practicing or training in order to correctly grasp the sounds are music, thus making the music to practice to achieve effective and efficient. Metronome is divided into two type -mechanical and electronic, this paper is based on single chip design of electronic metronome.
Electronic metronome is a very important instrument in music teaching, music, was taken to different play speed adjustable, strong and weak beats an iterative process. This metronome uses of AT89C51 microcontroller as the control center, full using of its interrupt and timing system, through the C language or assembly language programming, controlling of external related hardware circuit, the beat of the regulation of electronic music, sounding beautiful. Electronic metronome is widely used in clinical electrocardiogram of organ, piano, and other fields. Superior performance more and more electronic metronome, such as stable equivalence, enough range of speed, variable speed, convenient adjustment and accuracy. The metronome is designed with Microcontroller Unit, the fixed frequency adjustable, multi-store model, as music lovers can cultivate a sense of music, also as a professional music or singing the rhythm accompaniment generator.


KEY WORDS: Electronic metronme，Microcontroller Unit，Interrupt，Timing System，Hardware

目　錄

前　言 1
第1章 節(jié)拍器設(shè)計概述 3
1.1 電子節(jié)拍器簡介 3
1.1.1 簡要介紹 3
1.1.2 主要功能 3
1.2 節(jié)拍概述 5
第2章 系統(tǒng)總體方案 8
2.1 設(shè)計原理及思路 8
2.1.1 設(shè)計原理 8
2.1.2 設(shè)計思路 8
第3章 硬件概述與選型 10
3.1 AT89C51單片機(jī)概況 10
3.2 系統(tǒng)外圍設(shè)備 13
3.2.1 LM7805 14
3.2.2 7805應(yīng)用電路 15
3.2.3 四位共陽極數(shù)碼管 16
第4章 系統(tǒng)功能模塊設(shè)計 18
4.1 系統(tǒng)總體概述 18
4.1.1 硬件電路原理概述 18
4.1.2 硬件工作流程圖及總述 19
4.2 按鍵鍵盤模塊 21
4.2.1 鍵盤接口及處理程序 21
4.2.2 軟件設(shè)計 23
4.3 顯示器模塊 24
4.3.1 LED顯示和接口 24
4.3.2 LED顯示子程序 25
4.4 定時器和中斷模塊 26
4.4.1 定時器 26
4.4.2 中斷 27
4.4.3 定時器初值的計算與誤差 28
第5章 程序的調(diào)試與測試 29
5.1 仿真開發(fā)系統(tǒng) 29
5.2 調(diào)試過程 31
5.2.1 軟件的調(diào)試 31
5.2.2 硬件的調(diào)試 32
結(jié)　論 33
謝 辭 34
參考文獻(xiàn) 35
附　錄 37
外文資料翻譯 48