Buck電路的PID控制

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摘要 DC-DC變換器是將固定的直流電壓轉(zhuǎn)變成可變的直流電壓，也稱為直流斬波。Buck電路具有自身易驅(qū)動，電壓、電流容量大，開關(guān)應(yīng)力小，短路保護功能，不存在浪涌電流問題等優(yōu)點。因而在電力電子領(lǐng)域中被廣泛應(yīng)用。而在工程實際中，應(yīng)用最廣泛的調(diào)節(jié)器控制規(guī)律便是比例、積分、微分控制，即PID控制。
本文著重闡述的是基于PID控制規(guī)律的Buck電路的調(diào)控過程。當然僅用單一的PID控制對Buck電路進行調(diào)控，是遠遠不夠的，傳統(tǒng)的PID控制器是基于線性調(diào)控的，不能滿足對非線性狀態(tài)和非最小相位的調(diào)控。因此需要在傳統(tǒng)PID控制器的基礎(chǔ)上進一步改進調(diào)控方式。而本文著重介紹了幾種調(diào)控方法，將這幾種方法互補結(jié)合，來對Buck電路進行控制，并研究其效果。并針對Buck電路，通過進行PID調(diào)控，使得系統(tǒng)在給定誤差范圍內(nèi)能夠穩(wěn)定輸出。首先建立出基于狀態(tài)空間平均建模法的Buck電路的模型,同時研究了其他幾種建模方式。對其進行基于PID各種整定方式的研究，在此基礎(chǔ)上，通過數(shù)字仿真來驗證其性能，對比幾種調(diào)控方式下系統(tǒng)的各項性能。最后通過實物制作與檢測來得到基于PID調(diào)控下的穩(wěn)定的Buck電路。
關(guān)鍵詞：Buck電路 PID調(diào)控 DC-DC變換器


The PID control of Buck circuit
Abstract The DC - DC converter is a converter that can turn a fixed DC voltage into a variable DC voltage, which is also known as the DC chopper. Buck circuit has many advantages such as its easy to driving, large voltage capacity and large current capacity, small switch stress , short circuit protection function, no surge current problems, etc. And therefore now the DC-DC converter is widely used in the field of power electronics. In the engineering practice, the most widely used regulator control law is proportional, integral and differential control, which we call the PID control law.
This paper focuses on the Buck circuit based on the PID control law for the regulation process. There is no doubt that adjusting and controlling the Buck circuit only with a single PID control is far away from enough, the reason for it is that the traditional PID controller is only based on the linear control, it can't meet for the nonlinear state and non minimum phase control. Therefore we need to improve the way to regulate on the basis of traditional PID controller. Several control methods are introduced in this paper. By combining several methods, we control the Buck circuit and then research for its effect on each method. And we aim at the Buck circuit by means of the PID control, ensure that the system can finally maintain a stable output within a given error. First of all, in this article, the model of Buck circuit based on the state space averaging method is established, by the way several other modeling methods have also been studied, and then the types on the basis of various PID adjusting method are researched. On this basis, there is a need to verify its performance through the digital simulation. The various performance of the system under different control methods are compared. Finally the stable Buck circuit based on the PID control is obtained by physical making and testing.
Key words Buck circuit the PID control DC-DC converter


目 錄
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 課題背景及意義 1
1.2斬波變換器的發(fā)展概況 2
1.3 各種控制方法的發(fā)展概況 2
1.3.1 PID控制規(guī)律 2
1.3.2 滑模變結(jié)構(gòu)控制 5
1.3.3 無源性控制 6
1.3.4 模糊控制 6
第二章 Buck電路的建模 7
2.1 Buck電路的模型及工作原理 7
2.2斬波電路的控制方法 8
2.3 建模方法 10
第三章PID控制規(guī)律 15
3.1 PID控制器的基本原理 15
3.2模糊自整定PID控制 17
3.3遺傳算法整定PID控制 21
3.4繼電反饋自整定PID控制 21
第四章 基于普通PID控制規(guī)律的Buck電路的控制 24
4.1 開環(huán)Buck電路 24
4.2 PI控制方法的設(shè)計 27
4.3 PID控制方法的設(shè)計 29
第五章 實物驗證 32
5.1主要元器件 32
5.2 實物制作 35
5.3 測試結(jié)果 37
第六章 結(jié)論與展望 39
結(jié)論 39
展望 40
致謝 41
參考文獻 42