農(nóng)村電網(wǎng)諧波抑制與無(wú)功補(bǔ)償研究

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摘要 非線性負(fù)載的大量應(yīng)用給電網(wǎng)帶來(lái)了嚴(yán)重的諧波污染，并由此產(chǎn)生了一系列電能質(zhì)量問(wèn)題，而各種敏感負(fù)載對(duì)電網(wǎng)的供電質(zhì)量又提出了更高的要求。無(wú)源電力濾波器因其結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、設(shè)備投資少、運(yùn)行可靠性高、運(yùn)行費(fèi)用低，成為電力系統(tǒng)中最普遍的諧波抑制設(shè)備。隨著農(nóng)村的不斷進(jìn)步發(fā)展，非線性負(fù)載在農(nóng)村電網(wǎng)的大量應(yīng)用給電網(wǎng)帶來(lái)了嚴(yán)重的諧波污染。我國(guó)農(nóng)村電網(wǎng)以三相四線制低壓網(wǎng)絡(luò)向用戶供電，無(wú)功負(fù)荷主要集中在電網(wǎng)末端，其中配電壓器和用電設(shè)備（主要是異步電動(dòng)機(jī)）的無(wú)功消占總無(wú)功負(fù)荷的95%以上。這些變壓器容量必須按農(nóng)忙季節(jié)或防汛抗旱等要求進(jìn)行配備，用電季節(jié)性強(qiáng)、電力負(fù)荷分散、峰谷懸殊，從而普遍存在馬拉小車現(xiàn)象，使得農(nóng)網(wǎng)配變長(zhǎng)時(shí)間處于低負(fù)荷運(yùn)行狀態(tài)，消耗大量農(nóng)網(wǎng)無(wú)功；農(nóng)網(wǎng)的第2個(gè)用電特點(diǎn)是用電負(fù)荷分散，供電半徑過(guò)長(zhǎng)，輸電線路亦消耗大量無(wú)功功率。第3個(gè)特點(diǎn)是農(nóng)網(wǎng)的無(wú)功補(bǔ)償設(shè)備配置不合理，線路陳舊、雜亂、導(dǎo)線截面過(guò)小，而且許多地方仍然在使用老式高耗能的變壓器，這些設(shè)備的存在不僅產(chǎn)生了電壓質(zhì)量差和線損大的問(wèn)題，而且也消耗了電網(wǎng)中的無(wú)功。本文通過(guò)對(duì)瞬時(shí)無(wú)功功率的分析和無(wú)功功率補(bǔ)償裝置的研究設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)適合農(nóng)村電網(wǎng)的諧波抑制和無(wú)功功率補(bǔ)償系統(tǒng)。

關(guān)鍵詞: 農(nóng)村電網(wǎng) 諧波 無(wú)功功率補(bǔ)償 無(wú)源濾波器


Abstract Wide-range application of nonlinear load has brought serious harmonic pollution to power grid,as well as a series of power quality problems.However,some sensitive load has tougher and tougher requirement on power quality.Therefore,Passive power filter(PPF)is most widely used as harmonic-eliminating device in power system,because of simple configuration,low investment,high reliability,and low operation cost.This paper penetrates on aprofound and detailed study on the parameter design of PPF. With the continuous progress of rural development, the application of nonlinear load in rural power grid brings serious harmonic pollution to power grid. Rural power grid in China in three phase four wire system low voltage network to the user. Reactive load are mainly concentrated in the end of the power grid, including voltage device and electric equipment (mainly asynchronous motor) reactive account for more than 95% of total reactive load. The transformer capacity must be equipped with required by or flood control and drought relief, the busy farming season, strong seasonality, disperse power load and electricity peak valley, which are widespread mara car phenomenon, make the low load operation of the site with longer time, consume a large amount of rural electric reactive power. Rural electric power load is the second power characteristic of scattered, power supply radius is too long, also consume a large amount of reactive power transmission lines. Third feature is the reactive power compensation equipment site configuration is not reasonable, the old line, the clutter, wire section is too small, and many places still use the old gas-guzzling transformer, the existence of these devices not only produce the voltage quality is poor and the problem of line loss, but also consumes the reactive power in power grid. This article through to the analysis of the instantaneous reactive power and reactive power compensation device of study design a suitable for rural power grid harmonic suppression and reactive power compensation system.

Key words: Rural power grid Harmonic pression reactive compensation passive filter
目錄
第一章 緒論 1
1.1諧波的產(chǎn)生及危害 1
1.2諧波抑制與無(wú)功補(bǔ)償?shù)年P(guān)系 2
1.3諧波的抑制 2
1.4農(nóng)網(wǎng)中的無(wú)功補(bǔ)償 5
1.5電力系統(tǒng)無(wú)功補(bǔ)償技術(shù)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 7
1.6研究?jī)?nèi)容 7
第二章 諧波與無(wú)功的檢測(cè) 9
2.1電力系統(tǒng)諧波的定義 9
2.2電力系統(tǒng)諧波與無(wú)功的檢測(cè)方法 11
2.2.1頻域理論 12
2.2.2小波變換 12
2.2.3神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò) 13
2.3快速傅立葉法檢測(cè) 14
2.3.1 周期函數(shù)的傅立葉表示 14
2.3.2 傅立葉級(jí)數(shù)的指數(shù)形式 15
2.3.3 離散傅立葉變換（DFT） 17
2.3.4 快速傅立葉變換（FFT） 18
2.4基于瞬時(shí)無(wú)功理論的諧波和無(wú)功功率檢測(cè) 20
2.4.1 三相電路的瞬時(shí)無(wú)功功率理論 20
2.4.2 三相電路的諧波和無(wú)功電流的實(shí)時(shí)檢測(cè) 23
第三章 無(wú)功補(bǔ)償 28
3.1 無(wú)功補(bǔ)償技術(shù)概述 28
3.1.1 正弦電路功率因數(shù)的定義 28
3.1.2 非正弦電路功率因數(shù)的定義 29
3.2　飽和電抗器型無(wú)功補(bǔ)償裝置（SR） 31
3.2.1 自飽和電抗器型靜止無(wú)功功率補(bǔ)償裝置 31
3.2.2 可控飽和電抗器型靜止無(wú)功功率補(bǔ)償裝置 31
3.3晶閘管投切電容器型靜止無(wú)功補(bǔ)償（TSC） 32
3.4 采用全控器件的靜止無(wú)功發(fā)生器（SVG） 33
3.5晶閘管控制電抗器型靜止無(wú)功補(bǔ)償裝置（TCR） 34
3.5.1 TCR動(dòng)態(tài)靜止型無(wú)功補(bǔ)償裝置理原 34
3.5.2 TCR+TSC混合型靜止無(wú)功補(bǔ)償裝置 37
3.5.3 TCR型主電路的晶閘管閥及其保護(hù) 37
3.5.4 TCR的觸發(fā)系統(tǒng) 38
第四章 單調(diào)濾波器的設(shè)計(jì)和改進(jìn)方法 40
4.1引言 40
4.2 LC濾波器的結(jié)構(gòu)和基本原理 40
4.2.1單調(diào)諧濾波器 40
4.2.2影響單調(diào)諧濾波器性能的參數(shù)研究 41
4.3 LC濾波器的設(shè)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則和設(shè)計(jì)步驟 43
4.3.1 LC濾波器設(shè)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則 43
4.3.2 LC濾波器的設(shè)計(jì)步驟 44
4.3.3單調(diào)濾波器的設(shè)計(jì) 45
4.4單調(diào)濾波器的改進(jìn)方法 49
4.4.1交流調(diào)諧濾波器的改進(jìn)思路 49
4.4.2電抗器可調(diào)方案 50
第五章 農(nóng)網(wǎng)的諧波抑制和無(wú)功補(bǔ)償系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)譆@� 52
5.1設(shè)計(jì)背景 52
5.2 主要功..