微生物發(fā)酵過(guò)程中溫度的檢測(cè)與控制

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摘要 溫度的測(cè)量和控制在工業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中有著廣泛的應(yīng)用，尤其在生物發(fā)酵、化工、電力、石油、冶金等工業(yè)領(lǐng)域。溫度的檢測(cè)與控制對(duì)產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量和工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程的順利進(jìn)行有著很大的影響。微生物發(fā)酵過(guò)程是一個(gè)具有時(shí)變性、隨機(jī)性和多變量耦合的動(dòng)態(tài)過(guò)程，影響因素復(fù)雜，參數(shù)相關(guān)性嚴(yán)重，因此要求系統(tǒng)具有較高的實(shí)時(shí)性。隨著微電子和嵌入式技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展以及自動(dòng)控制理論的不斷完善，溫度控制系統(tǒng)也正朝著更加智能化的方向發(fā)展。
本文在研究了目前國(guó)內(nèi)外溫度控制現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上，提出了一種基于ARM的模糊自適應(yīng)溫度控制系統(tǒng)。在硬件上，系統(tǒng)采用微處理器ARM11 S3C6410作為主控制芯片，對(duì)溫度檢測(cè)、D/A數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換、顯示模塊、存儲(chǔ)模塊、通信模塊、和電源模塊等硬件電路進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)。在軟件上，移植了嵌入式實(shí)時(shí)操作系統(tǒng)Linux，對(duì)溫度檢測(cè)模塊、D/A數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換模塊及控制算法等應(yīng)用程序進(jìn)行了開(kāi)發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)。在算法上，本文采用模糊自適應(yīng)控制算法對(duì)溫度進(jìn)行控制，針對(duì)非線性、時(shí)變性、大滯后的發(fā)酵過(guò)程，建立了溫度控制系統(tǒng)的仿真模型，對(duì)常規(guī)控制和模糊自適應(yīng)控制進(jìn)行了仿真分析。結(jié)果表明：模糊自適應(yīng)PID和傳統(tǒng)PID控制相比，超調(diào)量小，調(diào)節(jié)時(shí)間短，振蕩周期短；控制對(duì)象的參數(shù)發(fā)生變化時(shí)，系統(tǒng)響應(yīng)快，能較迅速穩(wěn)定；另外系統(tǒng)的靜態(tài)特性和動(dòng)態(tài)特性也得到了明顯的提高。本設(shè)計(jì)把PID控制的靈活性、簡(jiǎn)便性與模糊控制的魯棒性融為一體，獲得了更好的控制效果，滿足了系統(tǒng)較高的實(shí)時(shí)性要求。

關(guān)鍵詞：溫度控制系統(tǒng) ARM Linux 模糊



Temperature Detection and Control in the Microorganism Fermentation Process
Abstract Temperature detection and control has been widely used in industrial and agricultural production, especially in bio-fermentation, chemical, electric power, petroleum, metallurgy and other industries. Temperature detection and control has a great influence on the quality of the product and industrial production process which go on smoothly. Microbial fermentation process is a dynamic process with time-varying, random and Multivariable coupling. There are complicated factors and serious parameter correlation, and therefore it requires a system with high real-time. With the rapid development of microelectronics and embedded technology and the constant improvement of automatic control theory, the temperature control system is also moving towards a more intelligent direction.
Based on the research of the current temperature control status both at home and abroad, this paper proposes a fuzzy self-tuning PID temperature control system based on ARM. In hardware, the system adopts microprocessor ARM11 S3C6410 as the main control chip. The temperature detection, D / A data conversion, display module, memory modules, communication modules, power modules and other hardware circuit have been designed. In software, the embedded real-time operating system Linux is transplanted and temperature detection module, D/A data conversion module, control algorithm and other applications have been designed. In the algorithm, fuzzy control algorithm is used for temperature control. According to nonlinear, time-varying, large lag fermentation process, the simulation model of temperature control system is established and the conventional PID control and fuzzy self-tuning PID control are analyzed in the simulation. The results showed that: compared to the conventional PID, fuzzy self-tuning PID control has small amount of overshoot, the adjustment time and the oscillation period are both short; when the parameters of the controlled object change, the system responds quickly and can be stable immediately; on the other hand, the static characteristics and dynamic characteristics of the system have been significantly improved. The design with flexibility and simplicity of PID control, and the robustness of fuzzy control, has got better control effects and meet the higher requirements of real-time systems.
Keywords temperature control system ARM Linux fuzzy PID


目錄
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 課題研究背景 1
1.2 國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 2
1.3 研究意義 3
1.4 本文的主要工作 3
1.4.1研究目標(biāo) 3
1.4.2主要內(nèi)容 3
1.4.3整體設(shè)計(jì)方案 4
第二章 模糊PID控制策略研究 5
2.1 模糊控制原理 5
2.2 模糊自適應(yīng)PID 6
2.2.1 模糊自適應(yīng)PID概述 6
2.2.2 隸屬度函數(shù)的建立 7
2.2.3 參數(shù)自整定原則 9
2.2.4 模糊控制規(guī)則表的建立 10
第三章 溫控系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) 13
3.1 S3C6410 ARM1176JZF-S處理器  13
3.1.1 ARM概述 13
3.1.2 S3C6410簡(jiǎn)介 14
3.1.3 S3C6410 ARM11處理器 15
3.2 溫度檢測(cè)電路設(shè)計(jì) 16
3.2.1 溫度傳感器DS18B20簡(jiǎn)介 16
3.2.2 DS18B20的外形和內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu) 17
3.2.3 DS18B20工作原理 18
3.2.4 溫度檢測(cè)電路設(shè)計(jì) 19
3.3 D/A數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換電路設(shè)計(jì) 19
3.4 顯示模塊設(shè)計(jì) 20
3.5 存儲(chǔ)模塊設(shè)計(jì) 21
3.6 通訊接..