智能農(nóng)業(yè)氣象站設(shè)計(jì)

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摘要 隨著現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的快速發(fā)展，設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)已經(jīng)成為現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的重要手段，并在世界各地被廣泛應(yīng)用。與此同時(shí)，設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)的研究也是科研項(xiàng)目的重要課題。溫室檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)作為設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)的重要組成部分，是實(shí)現(xiàn)溫室自動(dòng)化、科學(xué)化的基本保證。由于溫室環(huán)境系統(tǒng)的復(fù)雜性，如何通過(guò)設(shè)定合理的控制目標(biāo)作為作物生長(zhǎng)提供適宜的環(huán)境，同時(shí)最大限度利用自然資源，降低溫室的能源損耗都是需要深入研究的方向。
本文結(jié)合傳感器技術(shù)和微型單片機(jī)控制技術(shù)，結(jié)合現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的控制策略，設(shè)計(jì)了一套溫室溫、濕度監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)，并重點(diǎn)對(duì)傳感器組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行研究。同時(shí)依據(jù)溫室系統(tǒng)低功耗要求在硬件設(shè)計(jì)方面也進(jìn)行了甄選。
文章首先向讀者介紹國(guó)內(nèi)外溫室控制課題的研究現(xiàn)狀和未來(lái)的發(fā)展動(dòng)態(tài)，同時(shí)對(duì)選取本課題的意義進(jìn)行必要的說(shuō)明，提出設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)現(xiàn)方案。本文所設(shè)計(jì)的系統(tǒng)可以分為兩大部分：第一是溫室參數(shù)測(cè)量部分；第二是數(shù)據(jù)采集處理部分。參數(shù)可分為三個(gè)基本內(nèi)容：溫度測(cè)量、濕度測(cè)量和光照強(qiáng)度測(cè)量。溫度測(cè)量采用TI公司的溫度傳感器DS18B20，單總線輸出溫度數(shù)字值給單片機(jī)，經(jīng)由控制芯片處理后顯示；濕度測(cè)量采用瑞士Sensirion 公司設(shè)計(jì)的SHT11溫濕度傳感器。
由單片機(jī)最小系統(tǒng)及系統(tǒng)外圍接口電路組成單片機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)采集處理部分。系統(tǒng)外圍接口電路包括以下五個(gè)基本環(huán)節(jié)：
鍵盤部分、顯示部分、日歷部分、電源電壓部分、存儲(chǔ)部分。
本設(shè)計(jì)軟件部分采用C語(yǔ)言編寫，完成溫度、濕度、光照強(qiáng)度循環(huán)測(cè)量和日歷的實(shí)時(shí)顯示。
最后，本文對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)的智能農(nóng)業(yè)氣象站設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行了總結(jié)，分析了系統(tǒng)的不足和改進(jìn)方向，以便為下一步的研究做好工作。

關(guān)鍵詞：農(nóng)業(yè)氣象站 溫度 濕度 MSP430單片機(jī) DS18B20 SHT11

Smart Agricultural Station Design
ABSTRACT With the rapid development of modern agriculture, agricultural facilities has become an important means of modern agricultural development, and is widely used around the world. At the same time, agricultural research facilities is also an important subject of research. Greenhouse detection system as an important part of agricultural facilities is to achieve greenhouse automation, scientific basic guarantee. Due to the complexity of the greenhouse system, how to provide a suitable environment for the growth of crops, while maximizing the use of natural resources, reduce energy consumption greenhouse direction are studied in depth by setting reasonable goals as a control.
In this paper, sensor technology and micro-chip control technology, combined with the control strategy of modern agriculture, designed a greenhouse temperature, and focuses on the sensor network organization, greenhouse control strategy research. While low power requirements based on the greenhouse system hardware design also carried out the selection.
At the first, this paper describes the current research and developments in the domestic and international greenhouse control system, while the significance of this topic, select the demonstration, and presents the design and implementation of specific programs.
The first parameter is a measure of greenhouse part; second part is the data acquisition and processing. Parameters section includes three basic elements: temperature measurement, humidity measurement and light intensity. Temperature measurement using TI's temperature sensor DS18B20, single-bus digital temperature output value to the microcontroller, via post processing display; humidity measurement using SHT11 sensor.
SCM data acquisition and processing system, and in part by the smallest single-chip system peripheral interface circuit. System peripheral interface circuit consists of the following five basic components:
A keyboard section, a display section, the calendar section, the supply voltage section, a storage section.The design software using C language, temperature and humidity to complete the cycle of light intensity measurement within the real-time display and calendar. Finally, the design of intelligent design agricultural weather stations were summarized and analyzed the shortcomings of the system and improve the direction to do the work for the next study.
Keywords Agricultural weather station temperature humidity MSP430 DS18B20 SHT11

目錄
第一章 緒論 1
1.1課題研究背景 1
1.2 國(guó)內(nèi)外溫室相關(guān)技術(shù)的現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 1
1.3 選題意義及研究思路 2
1.4溫室環(huán)境控制方法 3
1.5論文研究的主要內(nèi)容 3
第二章 系統(tǒng)總體方案設(shè)計(jì) 4
2.1 系統(tǒng)基本功能及總體設(shè)計(jì) 4
2.2 系統(tǒng)方案論證及芯片選型 4
2.3 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方案 7
本章小結(jié) 8
第三章 系統(tǒng)各個(gè)模塊介紹 9
3.1 MSP430單片機(jī) 9
3.1.1 MSP430F449單片機(jī)的特點(diǎn)及管腳 9
3.1.2 MSP430F449單片機(jī)外圍模塊 13
3.2 溫度傳感器DS18B20 15
3.2.1 DS18B20內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu) 17
3.2.2 DS18B20測(cè)溫原理 18
3.3 濕度傳感器SHT11 19
3.4 LT/G光照傳感器 20
3.5 時(shí)鐘芯片DS1302 21
3.5.1 時(shí)鐘芯片DS1302外部引腳 21
3.5.2 DS1302控制字 21
3.5.3 復(fù)位和時(shí)鐘控制 22
3.5.4 數(shù)據(jù)輸入及輸出 22
3.6 液晶顯示芯片JM12864M 22
3.7 數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)芯片ST24C64 25
本章總結(jié) 26
第四章 系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) 27
4.1 MSP430單片機(jī)最小系統(tǒng) 27
4.2 測(cè)量電路設(shè)計(jì) 28
4.2.1溫度測(cè)量 28
4.2.2 濕度測(cè)量電路 29
4.3.3 光照強(qiáng)度測(cè)量電..