砝碼檢定數(shù)據(jù)自動采集與處理系統(tǒng)設(shè)計

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摘要: 對于傳統(tǒng)的電子天平來說，在稱量物體時往往需要很多繁雜的操作步驟，而且整個過程都需要人為的參與，這樣不僅浪費了時間、降低了生產(chǎn)效率，而且在無形中帶入了人為操作失誤而出現(xiàn)的誤差。本文主要研究用計算機(jī)與多臺電子天平組合通信來構(gòu)建砝碼檢定數(shù)據(jù)自動采集與處理系統(tǒng)，實現(xiàn)對電子天平所稱量物體相關(guān)信息數(shù)據(jù)的自動采集和后期的保存與管理工作，通過整個系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行和操作，以達(dá)到遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控及自動處理數(shù)據(jù)的目的，滿足砝碼檢定過程中的實際需要，減輕檢定人員的勞動強(qiáng)度，提高工作效率，同時也大大減小由于人工操作而帶來的人為誤差，提高天平測量的精度。研究中使用的電子天平品牌為梅特勒-托利多，帶有 9 針的串口輸出端，通過串口擴(kuò)展卡擴(kuò)展計算機(jī)的串口，使天平能與上位計算機(jī)進(jìn)行串行數(shù)據(jù)通信，實時傳送測量數(shù)據(jù)，同時通過虛擬儀器軟件的處理，達(dá)到數(shù)據(jù)自動采集系統(tǒng)的生成。上位計算機(jī)與電子天平之間用屏蔽多芯電纜通過串口連接，并遵循 RS232 協(xié)議。

關(guān)鍵詞：電子天平 虛擬儀器 串口通信 數(shù)據(jù)采集 RS232協(xié)議

The design of automatic data acquisition and processing system for weights calibration
Abstract : For the traditional electronic balance, there will be many complicated procedures when weights the objects, and the whole process requires human involvement, which not only wastes time, reduces the production efficiency, but also substitutes into the man-made error in the imperceptibly. This paper mainly studied the building of data automatic acquisition and processing system of weight verification via a computer and a plurality of electronic balance, realizing the preservation and management of the related information of the automatic data acquisition for the weighing of electronic balance, and by the running and operation of the entire system, in order to achieve the purpose of the remote monitoring and automatic data processing, meet the actual needs of weight verification, and reduce the labor intensity of testing as well as improve the work efficiency. At the same time also greatly reduce human error caused by manual operation, improving the balance accuracy. In our study we used the Mettler Toledo electronic balance, which with a 9 needle serial port outputs. In addition, in the course of study we expanded the computer’s serial ports with the serial port expansion card, so that the balance could communicate with the host computer and transmit real-time measured data to it as well as to generate automatic data acquisition system in the process of virtual instrument software. The host computer and electronic balance was connected with shielded multiconductor cable. And it follows the RS232 protocol.

Keyword: electronic balance; virtual instrument; serial communication; data acquisition; the RS232 protocol


目 錄
第1章 緒 論 1
1.1 課題研究背景 1
1.2 課題研究意義 1
1.3 國內(nèi)外發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 2
1.4 本文主要設(shè)計內(nèi)容 3
第2章 砝碼檢定系統(tǒng)總體方案設(shè)計 4
2.1 砝碼檢定系統(tǒng)概述 4
2.1.1 砝碼的分類及影響砝碼檢定的因素 4
2.1.2 天平砝碼的檢定方法 6
2.1.3 砝碼的清潔保護(hù) 8
2.2 質(zhì)量比較器的性能參數(shù)與技術(shù)指標(biāo) 8
2.2.1 質(zhì)量比較器簡述 8
2.2.2 技術(shù)指標(biāo) 8
2.3 砝碼檢定數(shù)據(jù)自動采集與處理系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計 10
2.3.1 系統(tǒng)需求分析 10
2.3.2 模塊化設(shè)計原則 10
2.3.3 系統(tǒng)硬件組成與工作原理 11
2.4 本章小結(jié) 12
第3章 砝碼檢定數(shù)據(jù)自動采集與處理系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計 12
3.1 軟件系統(tǒng)的總體結(jié)構(gòu) 12
3.2 軟件通信協(xié)議與用戶界面設(shè)計 13
3.2.1 軟件通信協(xié)議 13
3.2.2 用戶界面設(shè)計 15
3.3 軟件功能的模塊化設(shè)計 16
3.3.1 檢定數(shù)據(jù)采集功能 16
3.3.2 數(shù)據(jù)保存與查詢功能 19
3.3.3 記錄與報表生成功能 21
3.3.4 數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入導(dǎo)出功能 23
3.4 本章小結(jié) 26
第4章 砝碼檢定中的數(shù)據(jù)處理與誤差分析 26
4.1 砝碼折算質(zhì)量與不確定度的分析 26
4.2 砝碼檢定中空氣浮力修正值的計算 29
4.3 砝碼結(jié)果與誤差分析 30
第5章 總結(jié)與展望 31
致謝 33
參考文獻(xiàn) 34