大容量鉛蓄電池組充電器的研制

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摘要 電動汽車具有舒適、干凈、無噪聲、污染小等優(yōu)點(diǎn)是一種發(fā)展前景廣闊的綠色交通工具，是解決能源和環(huán)境問題的重要手段。發(fā)展電動汽車是節(jié)能，環(huán)保和低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)的需要。電動汽車的發(fā)展有幾個關(guān)鍵問題，其中之一就是蓄電池組充電技術(shù)。電動汽車充電技術(shù)分為有線充電和無線充電，如今研究熱門的是無線充電技術(shù)。無線充電安全性更高。本文針對有線充電，提出了一款基于STM32f103系列數(shù)字控制器的充電裝置。本充電裝置利用開關(guān)電源技術(shù)具有體積小、效率高、充電可靠等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。充電器主電路采用雙管正激拓?fù)洌琈OSFET并聯(lián)均流，控制電路用LM324運(yùn)放通過PI調(diào)節(jié)實(shí)現(xiàn)分階段恒流恒壓充電。單片機(jī)檢測輸出端電壓選擇相應(yīng)的充電模式?？紤]到充電器輸出電流很大，PCB合理的布局和走線非常重要，否則電路很容易燒壞。本電路在PCB的布局上下了很大的功夫。本設(shè)計(jì)制作出了充電裝置實(shí)物，并對其做了相應(yīng)的硬件調(diào)試，調(diào)試中遇到許多問題，對于未來的研究具有很大的幫助。
關(guān)鍵詞：電動汽車 充電器 STM32f103 雙管正激 MOSFET并聯(lián)均流

Design of Large Capacity Lead Acid Battery Charger
Abstract Electric car has many advantages ,such as comfortable , clean, noiseless ,less pollution, and so on，which is the key to solve the problem of energy crisis and environment problem. There are many problems to develop electric car, one of which is charging technology. There are two kind of charging technology. One is charging through wire, and the other is wireless charging. And wireless charging is more attractive because it is more safe.Now many countries are researching on charging technology.This thesis designs a charger based on stm32f103 single chip microcomputer. It has many advantages such as small size, high efficiency and high reliability. The main circuit adopts double tube forward topology. And it adopts MOSFET parallel current-sharing. By using LM324 amplifier, it realizes the ability to charge constant current or constant voltage, depending on battery voltage. Considering high current, layout of the main circuit in the PCB is very important. Otherwise the circuit is very easy to burn out.To make a charger unit,first i have to read many books and search a lot data.Second i have to design the circuit,in this stage information searched before is very useful.After designing the circuit,it is time to draw the PCB and a lot of time was taken in this stage.Through the internet,many equipments and components were bought.After previous effort,it is time to assemble the PCB.However this is just the beginning,debugging the PCB is more difficult for me.In this stage ,many problems were found.After so many efforts i have learned a lot.The device that i have made is not so good,in the future i will do a better one.
Key words Electric vehicle Charger STM32f103 Double tube forward topology MOSFET parallel current-sharing


目 錄
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 電動汽車充電技術(shù)研究背景與意義 1
1.2 電動汽車發(fā)展歷史與現(xiàn)狀 1
1.3 電動汽車充電技術(shù)研究現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢 4
1.3.1 常規(guī)充電方式 5
1.3.2 快速充電方式 6
1.3.3 更換電池充電方式 6
1.3.4 無線充電方式 7
1.3.5 移動充電方式 7
1.3.6 特斯拉充電技術(shù) 7
1.4 本課題的主要內(nèi)容 8
第二章 鉛酸電池充電工作原理 9
2.1 鉛酸蓄電池常規(guī)充電方法 9
2.1.1 恒壓充電法 9
2.1.2 恒流充電法 9
2.1.3 階段充電法 10
2.1.4 浮充電法 11
2.2 鉛酸蓄電池快速充電方法 11
2.2.1 脈沖充電法 12
2.2.2 定化學(xué)反應(yīng)狀態(tài)法 13
2.2.3 變電流間歇定電壓充電法 14
2.3 鉛酸蓄電池充電的一些常規(guī)問題 14
2.4 本設(shè)計(jì)采用的充電方法 14
第三章 硬件電路設(shè)計(jì) 15
3.1 充電器總體方案設(shè)計(jì) 16
3.2 充電器主電路設(shè)計(jì) 16
3.3 電路工作過程介紹 20
3.4 硬件電路介紹 20
3.4.1 EMI及浪涌保護(hù)設(shè)計(jì) 21
3.4.2 MOSFET驅(qū)動電路 22
3.4.3 控制電路 24
3.4.4 輔助電源電路 25
3.4.5 緩沖電路 27
3.4.6 保護(hù)電路 28
3.5 MOSFET并聯(lián)均流問題 28
3.6 變壓器 31
3.6.1 變壓器的設(shè)計(jì) 31
3.6.2 本電路中的變壓器 35
3.7 共模電感 35
3.7.1 共模電感基本要求 35
3.7.2 共模電感設(shè)計(jì) 36
3.8 PCB布局 37
3.8.1 PCB布局考慮的問題 37
3.8.2 接地問題 38
第四章 程序設(shè)計(jì) 38
4.1 主程序 39
4.2 AD采樣和DA給定 40
4.2.1 AD采樣 40
4.2.2 DA給定 42
4.3 計(jì)時程序 43
結(jié)論與展望 44
致謝 45
參考文獻(xiàn)： 46
附錄A 原理圖 47
附錄B 實(shí)物圖 48