商務(wù)車(chē)國(guó)四排放動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)選型及布置設(shè)計(jì)

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摘要 商用車(chē)排放作為機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)排放污染的重要組成部分，我國(guó)對(duì)于商用車(chē)的排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)已從國(guó)Ⅲ升級(jí)到國(guó)Ⅳ階段。在國(guó)Ⅲ排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的基礎(chǔ)上，所有柴油機(jī)都應(yīng)采用ESC、ELR、ETC試驗(yàn)規(guī)程測(cè)定排氣污染物，且排放限值要求更為嚴(yán)格。商務(wù)車(chē)動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)選型作為商務(wù)車(chē)排放升級(jí)的核心，它是商用車(chē)動(dòng)力性、經(jīng)濟(jì)性、環(huán)保性的保障。本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)以歐曼5系8×2標(biāo)準(zhǔn)型商用平板卡車(chē)為例，熟悉國(guó)家排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GB17691-2005，并對(duì)其包含13個(gè)工況的ESC試驗(yàn)循環(huán)、包含三個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)速下負(fù)荷變化的ELR試驗(yàn)和包含1800個(gè)工況的ETC試驗(yàn)循環(huán)的試驗(yàn)條件、試驗(yàn)規(guī)程及測(cè)量原理有清楚的認(rèn)識(shí)，了解商用車(chē)排氣污染物排放限值。面對(duì)排放升級(jí)的大環(huán)境下，根據(jù)國(guó)內(nèi)外后處理技術(shù)水平，建立排放升級(jí)的應(yīng)對(duì)技術(shù)路線，掌握兩種典型技術(shù)路線的工作原理并對(duì)其技術(shù)特點(diǎn)分析比較，找出最優(yōu)技術(shù)路線。根據(jù)提供的某商用車(chē)有關(guān)圖紙及相關(guān)基礎(chǔ)參數(shù)，運(yùn)用所學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)，在整個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中結(jié)合相關(guān)知識(shí)，進(jìn)行排放動(dòng)力選型及布置設(shè)計(jì)，并依據(jù)國(guó)家排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GB17691-2005排放限值的測(cè)量方法，進(jìn)行發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)排放及整車(chē)性能測(cè)試，根據(jù)測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)，分析動(dòng)力選型的動(dòng)力性、經(jīng)濟(jì)性、環(huán)保性及布置設(shè)計(jì)的合理性。
關(guān)鍵詞: 排放 升級(jí) 選型 布置設(shè)計(jì)


Abstract
Commercial vehicle emissions is an important part of vehicle emission pollution .China's commercial vehicle emissions standards have upgraded from country Ⅲ to country Ⅳ stage.
Based on Ⅲ emission standards in the country, all diesel should be adopted ESC, ELR, ETC testing procedures for measuring exhaust pollutants and emission limits more stringent requirements.
This graduation national emission standards GB17691-2005, and its ESC test cycle contains 13 conditions, including three speed under load changes ELR tests and test conditions included ETC test cycle conditions in 1800, the testing procedures and the measuring principle have a clear understanding of commercial vehicle exhaust emission limits. Under the circumstances of emissions to upgrade, according to the aftertreatment technology both at home and abroad to establish emissions upgrades to cope with the situation, grasp the working principle of two kinds of typical technical route and analysis and comparison of their technical characteristics, to find out the optimal technical route.
According to a commercial about the drawings and related infrastructure supplied parameters, to a commercial vehicle as an example, combined with relevant knowledge in the process of the whole design, emission power of selection and layout design, and according to the national emission standard GB17691-2005 emissions limits of measurement method, engine emission and performance test, according to the measured data, the analysis on the selection of power performance, fuel economy and environmental protection and the rationality of the layout design.
Key words: Emission Upgrade Selection Layout design

目錄
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 選題的目的和意義 1
1.2 商用車(chē)排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)升級(jí)背景 1
1.3 本課題國(guó)內(nèi)外研究狀況 2
1.3.1 歐IV到歐V、歐VI的技術(shù)升級(jí)及開(kāi)發(fā) 2
1.4 本課題主要的研究方法 3
第二章 國(guó)家排放升級(jí)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求 4
2.1 國(guó)Ⅲ、國(guó)Ⅳ排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差異 4
2.2 排放測(cè)試的實(shí)驗(yàn)方法 5
2.2.1 ESC 試驗(yàn)循環(huán) 5
2.2.2 ELR 試驗(yàn)循環(huán) 7
2.2 3 ETC 試驗(yàn)循環(huán) 8
2.3 排放限值 8
第三章 排放動(dòng)力升級(jí)的選型 10
3.1 國(guó)Ⅳ排放升級(jí)的典型應(yīng)對(duì)路線 10
3.2 幾類(lèi)典型技術(shù)路線技術(shù)特點(diǎn)的比較 13
3.2.1 技術(shù)特點(diǎn)的比較 13
3.2.2 經(jīng)濟(jì)型的比較 14
3.2.3 使用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性的比較 14
3.3 幾種技術(shù)路線的綜合比較 15
3.4 SCR的局限性 16
第四章 國(guó)四電氣與電控系統(tǒng) 17
4.1 SCR的開(kāi)發(fā)流程簡(jiǎn)介 17
4.1.1 SCR系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)介 17
4.1.2 SCR催化劑設(shè)計(jì)中要解決的問(wèn)題 17
4.2 催化劑的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 18
4.2.1 設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)的確定 18
4.2.2 設(shè)計(jì)邊界的確定 18
4.2.3 導(dǎo)入熱動(dòng)力學(xué)計(jì)算模型 19
4.2.4 催化劑的選型 23
4.3 載體的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 24
4.3.1 設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)的確定 24
4.3.2 設(shè)計(jì)邊界的確定 25
4.3.3 確定載體設(shè)計(jì)方案 26
4.4 后處理封裝 27
4.4.1 CFD混合效率計(jì)算 28
4.5 SCR的標(biāo)定 28
4.6 SCR樣件驗(yàn)證 29
4.6.1 性能驗(yàn)證 29
4.3.3 整車(chē)搭載及可靠性驗(yàn)證 32
第五章 汽車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)動(dòng)力的選擇 33
5.1 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)動(dòng)力的選擇 33
5.2 設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)象整車(chē)信息及相關(guān)要求 33
5.3 設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)象整車(chē)主要參數(shù) 33
5.3.1 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的功率的計(jì)算 34
5.3.2 功率為時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)速n 34
5.3.3 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)扭矩的計(jì)算 35
5.4 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的確定 36
第六章 商用車(chē)國(guó)四排放動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)的布置及原理 37
6.1 懸置系統(tǒng) 37
6.2 進(jìn)氣系統(tǒng) 37
6.3 燃油系統(tǒng) 38
6.4 冷卻系統(tǒng) 38
6.5 排氣后處理系統(tǒng) 38
結(jié)論 42
致謝 43
參考文獻(xiàn) 44