電網(wǎng)過電壓分析與監(jiān)測技術

2.4萬字
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摘要 隨著近年來社會經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展，電力系統(tǒng)的配電網(wǎng)絡日益龐大，自然災害尤其是雷電所引起的配電網(wǎng)絡故障風險也在隨之上漲。如何減少雷電災害對配電網(wǎng)的影響，確保配電網(wǎng)的安全運行，以此來減少日常生產(chǎn)中的停電時間，已經(jīng)成為電力企業(yè)首先要解決的問題。
配電網(wǎng)的組成由配電線路、配電提供所、配電用戶等三方面所組成的，對于配電網(wǎng)的功效就是成功的把電力安全的輸送給用戶，保證用戶用電的正常。通常對于10KV以下的電壓，一般都是由配電線路直接對配電用戶提供電壓的，但是其中對于配電網(wǎng)有著一個非常大的漏洞，那就是其絕緣水平地下，所以特別容易產(chǎn)生絕緣事故。
對于電力系統(tǒng)事故的原因，根據(jù)其能量來源，主要分為兩點：內(nèi)部過電壓和雷電過電壓。目前，國外例如韓國、日本、美國、臺灣等國家和地區(qū)對兩類過電壓的防護研究及應用已相當成熟，雖然我國也一直致力于推動電網(wǎng)的防雷工作，但由于直擊雷過電壓對配電網(wǎng)的影響比較大，目前大部分電力企業(yè)對雷電過電壓的研究仍主要集中在直擊雷過電壓上，對感應雷過電壓的研究相對較少。
電網(wǎng)的防護，很大程度要以電網(wǎng)的分析和監(jiān)測得到數(shù)據(jù)結果作為基礎，才能更好的進行相關的防護措施。本課題主要從實際出發(fā)，將直擊雷電過電壓和感應過電壓對線路的影響進行對比、尋找感應過電壓的形成原因，通過雷電感應過電壓模型的研究，分析雷電流的參數(shù)、線路高度、累計點、大地電導率等對架空輸電線路感應雷電過電壓幅值和波形的影響，以及線路避雷器的安裝方式、安裝位置對配電網(wǎng)架空輸電線路感應過電壓的防護能力，達到限制，降低感應雷電過電壓的目的。通過分析、監(jiān)測，為配電網(wǎng)絡的防雷工作提供依據(jù)和參考。

關鍵詞：電網(wǎng) 過電壓 在線監(jiān)測 ATP

Overvoltage analysis and monitoring technology
ABSTRACT With the rapid development of social economy in recent years, the distribution network of power system increasingly large, natural disasters, especially the lightning caused by distribution network failure risk is also rising. How to reduce the influence of lightning disaster for the distribution network, to ensure the safe operation of distribution network, in order to reduce the daily production outage time, has become the first to solve the problem of electric power enterprise.
The composition of the three aspects of distribution network by the power distribution lines, distribution, distribution of the user, for distribution network effect is successful to transport electricity safety to the user, ensures the normal power. Usually for a voltage below 10KV, usually directly from the distribution line to provide voltage distribution, but there is a very big holes in the distribution network, which is the insulation level underground, so it is especially easy to produce insulation accident.
The reason for the failure of electric power system, according to the sources of energy, could be divided into two parts: Internal Overvoltage and lightning over voltage. Statistics show that, the harm of lightning overvoltage is bigger, and the harm of lightning mainly in two forms: direct lightning overvoltage and lightning induced over voltages. At present, such as Korea, Japan, foreign American, Taiwan and other countries and regions on two types of overvoltage protection research and application has been quite mature, although China has been committed to promoting the lightning protection network, but due to the lightning over voltage of the distribution network is relatively large, the most power enterprises over voltage the lightning was concentrated over voltage on direct lightning overvoltage, study on lightning induced less .
Power system protection, to a large extent by the analysis and monitoring of grid data as the basis, the relevant protective measures to better. This paper mainly embarks from the reality, will direct lightning overvoltage and induction were compared, effects of over voltage on the line for the causes of induced overvoltage, research by lightning induction voltage model, analysis of the influence of the parameters of lightning current, line height, total point, the earth electrical conductivity on overhead transmission line lightning induction over voltage amplitude and waveform, and installation, the installation position of the line arrester Overvoltage on overhead transmission line in distribution network induction protection capability, limit, reduce the overvoltage induction lightning to. Through the analysis, monitoring, and can provide reference for lightning protection of distribution network.
Key words   Power grid Over voltage Online monitoring ATP

目錄
引言 1
第一章 概述 2
1.1過電壓分析與在線監(jiān)測的意義 2
1.2 國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢 4
1.2.1 國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀介紹 4
1.2.2國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀分析 5
1.2.3發(fā)展趨勢分析 9
1.3本課題的研究內(nèi)容 10
1.4小結 10
第二章 過電壓分類及特點 11
2.1 大氣過電壓 11
2.1.1雷電形成過程 12
2.1.2雷電過程 12
2.1.3雷電過電壓分類及特點 13
2.1.4雷電對高壓輸電線路的影響 13
2.2 內(nèi)部過電壓 13
2.2.1工頻過電壓 14
2.2.2 操作過電壓 15
2.2.3諧振過電壓 16
2.3 小結 17
第三章 過電壓的防護措施和參數(shù)計算 18
3.1關于雷電過電..