基于超聲波的車輛倒車測距與報(bào)警裝置設(shè)計(jì)


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摘要
隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和路上交通的日漸便利，汽車的數(shù)量在大幅攀升。越來越多的人擁有了自己的汽車，但在泊車和起動(dòng)車輛時(shí)前后左右探視，以及視野死角和視線模糊等種種問題給駕駛員很多煩惱。針對這種情況，有必要設(shè)計(jì)一種較為經(jīng)濟(jì)的汽車防撞預(yù)警系統(tǒng)。因此，有助于司機(jī)泊車和倒車的超聲波報(bào)警器應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。
本設(shè)計(jì)是一種基于AT89S51單片機(jī)的脈沖反射超聲波測距和報(bào)警系統(tǒng)。主要是運(yùn)用了AT89S51單片機(jī)芯片作為核心，利用超聲波性能、特點(diǎn)和優(yōu)勢，將超聲波測距和AT89S51單片機(jī)融合為一體。整個(gè)電路采用模塊化設(shè)計(jì)，由超聲波發(fā)射和接收模塊、AT89S51單片機(jī)處理模塊、距離顯示模塊、近距離報(bào)警模塊組成。軟件部分主要是由主程序、超聲波發(fā)射接收、距離計(jì)算及顯示子程序等部分組成。本設(shè)計(jì)由AT89S51單片機(jī)控制時(shí)間計(jì)數(shù)，計(jì)算聲波自發(fā)射至接收的往返時(shí)間，用超聲波在空氣中的傳輸速度，從而計(jì)算得到實(shí)測距離。本設(shè)計(jì)制作的倒車?yán)走_(dá)要求通過數(shù)碼管顯示汽車與障礙物之間的距離，測量距離要小于6M，當(dāng)距離小于50cm時(shí)有報(bào)警信號。經(jīng)過Proteus仿真測試，本設(shè)計(jì)基本能達(dá)到要求。
關(guān)鍵詞： AT89S51 超聲波 測距 報(bào)警 汽車倒車


Ultrasonic Ranging and vehicle reversing alarms based design
Abstract
As China's economic development and the growing road transport facilitation, a sharp rise in the number of cars. More and more people have their own car, but after starting the vehicle when parking and about to visit, as well as dead and blurred vision and other problems to the driver a lot of trouble. In view of this situation, it is necessary to design a more economical vehicle collision avoidance warning system. Therefore, to help drivers parking and reversing ultrasonic alarm came into being.
The design is based on AT89S51 ultrasonic pulse echo ranging and alarm system. Mainly the use of the AT89S51 single chip as the core, the use of ultrasound performance, features and advantages of the ultrasonic ranging and AT89S51 microcontroller together as one. The entire circuit is modular in design, the ultrasonic transmitter and receiver modules, AT89S51 single-chip processing module from the display module, close the alarm module. Software part is dominated by the main program, transmitting and receiving ultrasonic distance calculation and display routines and other components. Designed by the time counting AT89S51 microcontroller calculates the acoustic round trip time from the transmitter to the receiver, with the ultrasonic wave transmission speed in the air, to calculate the measured distance. The design of the car reversing radar required to display the distance between the obstacle via digital tube, measuring the distance is less than 6M, an alarm signal when the distance is less than 50cm. After Proteus simulation testing, the design can basically meet the requirements.
Key words： AT89S51 Ultrasonic-wave Ranging Alarm Car parking



目錄

第1章 緒論 3
1.1 設(shè)計(jì)背景 3
1.2 研發(fā)現(xiàn)狀 3
第2章 方案設(shè)計(jì) 3
2.1 方案比較 3
2.2 方案選擇及設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo) 3
2.2.1 超聲波測距原理 3
2．2.2 設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo) 3
第3章 硬件設(shè)計(jì) 3
3.1 總體電路設(shè)計(jì) 3
3.2 單片機(jī)及其外圍電路 3
3.2.1 AT89S51單片機(jī) 3
3.2.2 AT89S51外圍電路 3
3.3 超聲波發(fā)送、接收模塊 3
3.3.1 超聲波探頭的中心頻率及主要參數(shù) 3
3.3.2 超聲波發(fā)送模塊 3
3.3.3 超聲波接受模塊 3
3.5 測距LED顯示模塊 3
3.6 報(bào)警模塊 3
3.7 電源電路 3
第四章 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì) 3
4.1 系統(tǒng)譆@絳蟶杓� 3
4.2 超聲波測距子程序 3
4.2.1 距離計(jì)算子程序： 3
4.2.2 產(chǎn)生超聲波的子程序： 3
第五章 模擬仿真 3
結(jié)論 3
致謝 3
參考文獻(xiàn)： 3
附錄一 基于AT89S51單片機(jī)超聲波測距系統(tǒng)電原理圖 3
附錄二 基于AT89S51單片機(jī)超聲波測距系統(tǒng)C語言原程序 3
附錄三 proteus仿真 3