基于雙向DC-DC變換器電動(dòng)汽車研究

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摘要 石油資源枯竭和環(huán)境污染成為近年來(lái)國(guó)內(nèi)外共同關(guān)注的重大問(wèn)題，電動(dòng)汽車的研發(fā)工作在全世界如火如荼地展開(kāi)，電動(dòng)汽車是用電池代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)的汽油作為車載能源，在很大程度減小對(duì)石油資源的依賴，而蓄電池及其充放電技術(shù)是制約電動(dòng)汽車發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵技術(shù) 之一,本文采用雙向DC/DC變換器進(jìn)行能量流動(dòng)的雙向控制,實(shí)現(xiàn)充放電一體化,優(yōu)化電動(dòng)汽車的控制結(jié)構(gòu)的同時(shí)提升了整車的運(yùn)行效率及性能。
首先是以電動(dòng)汽車的研究為背景，論述雙向DC-DC變換器的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)變換器控制技術(shù)的影響，決定采用雙向半橋變換器作為本次設(shè)計(jì)的雙向DC/DC變換器的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)，詳盡闡述了雙向半橋變換器的工作原理，給出了參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)和效率分析方法。
然后分析了雙向DC/DC變換器損耗的主要組成,并做了每部分損耗的分析及其計(jì)算,討論了變換器的總體效率以及影響其的主要因素。
最后論文對(duì)雙向半橋變換器的運(yùn)行模式進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)分析,根據(jù)雙向DC/DC變換器的設(shè)計(jì)要求,確定了雙向半橋變換器的元器件參數(shù)。使用仿真軟件MATLAB/smiulink建立了雙向DC/DC變換器的仿真模型,仿真結(jié)果證明了理論分析和計(jì)算的正確性。在此基礎(chǔ)上,討論了雙向DC/DC變換器在實(shí)際系統(tǒng)中的實(shí)現(xiàn)。
關(guān)鍵詞 電動(dòng)汽車 雙向DC/DC變換器 拓?fù)? 效率和損耗 仿真

Research on double closed loop control bidirectional DC-DC converter based on electric vehicle
Abstract Petroleum resource delpletion and environmental pollution has become the major issues of common concern at home and abroad in recent years. Eectricse vehicle research and development work carried outlike a raging fire in the world. Electric vehicle battry is used instead of the conventional gasoline as vehicle energy ,to reduce the dependence on oil resources in the very great degree.
But the battery charge and discharge is one of the key technoligies which restricts the development of EC.In this anticl, it takes bidirectional control of the bidirectional DC/DC converter for energy fiow,to realize implementation of intwgrated charge discharge and control structure optimization of election vehicles and enhance the Vehicle’soperation performance.
Firstly, in the background the study of vehicles, I expound the influence on the topoiogy of DC/DC converter control technology of
converter and decide to use the half bridge converter topology as bidirectional DC/DC converter for the design.I not onlt elaborate the working principle of half bridge converter but also give the way of eparameter design and efficiency analysis method.
Secondly,I analy the main components of bi-directional DC/DC converter loss,and do the analysis and calculation of each part of the loss.Then, I also discuss the main factors affecting the overall efficiency of the converter and the factors.
The last, in the paper, I make detailed analysis on the operation mode of half bridge converter. According to the design requirement of bidirectional DC/DC converter, Component parameters of half bridge converter is determined. I use the simulation software MATLAB/smiulikn to establish two-way the simulation model of DC/DC converter, and the simulation results prove the correctness of theory analysis and calculation. On this basis,I also discuss the implementation of bi-directional DC/DC converter in the actual system.
Key words Electric vehicle Bidirectional DC-DC converter Topological structure Efficiency and loss Simulation

目錄
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 課題提出的背景及意義 1
1.1.1 課題背景 1
1.1.2 課題研究意義 2
1.2 電動(dòng)汽車概念及發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 2
1.2.1 電動(dòng)汽車分類 2
1.2.2 電動(dòng)汽車發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 2
1.3 雙向DC/DC變換器在電動(dòng)汽車上的應(yīng)用 3
1.3.1 雙向DC/DC變換器作用 3
1.3.2 DC/DC變換器與電動(dòng)汽車的發(fā)展歷程 4
1.4 課題主要的研究?jī)?nèi)容 7
1.5 本章小結(jié) 8
第二章 雙向DC/DC變換器概述 9
2.1 引言 9
2.2 雙向DC/DC變換器概念 9
2.3 雙向DC/DC變化器拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)分析[19][20] 10
2.3.1 單向DC/DC變換器拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu) 10
2.3.2 雙向DC/DC變換器拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu) 12
2.4 雙向DC/DC變換器工作原理 13
2.4.1 雙向Buck/Boost變換器 13
2.4.2 雙向半橋變換器 14
2.4.3 雙向Cuk變換器 15
2.4.4 雙向SEPIC變換器 16
2.4.5 雙向DC/DC變換器的設(shè)計(jì)要求 17
2.5 雙向變換器的比較[25][26] 18
2.5.1 元器件承受的電壓應(yīng)力 18
2.5.2 元器件承受的電流應(yīng)力 18
第三章 雙向半橋DC/DC變換器拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)分析及電路參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì) 24
3.1 引言 24
3.2 雙向半橋變換器拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)分析 24
3.2.1 升壓變換器模式 24
3.2.2 降壓變換器模式 25
3.3 雙向DC/DC變換器穩(wěn)態(tài)特性分析 26
3.3.1 雙向輸出特性分析 26
3.4 變換器電路參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)[27]-[32] 28
3.4.1 開(kāi)關(guān)元件開(kāi)關(guān)頻率 28
3.4.2 儲(chǔ)能電感的設(shè)計(jì) 28
第四章 雙向變換器仿真研究 33
4.1 簡(jiǎn)介MATLAB/Simulink軟件 33
4.2 建立仿真模型 34
4.3 設(shè)置仿真參數(shù) 35
4.4 仿真的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果 36
4.4.1 變換器正向工作仿真圖 36
4.4.2 變換器反向工作仿真圖 37
第五章 雙向變換器損耗分析及效率計(jì)算 39
5.1 雙向DC/DC變換器的主要損耗 39
5.2.1 功率開(kāi)關(guān)元件1GBT的損耗 39
5.2.2 續(xù)流二極管的損耗 40
5.2.3 濾波電容的損耗 41
5.2.4 電感的損耗 42
5.3 雙向DC/DC變換器的損耗和效率計(jì)算 42
5.4 小結(jié) 43
第六章 結(jié)論與展望 44
6.1 結(jié)論 4..