自動定時噴灌控制系統(tǒng)的研究

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摘要 灌溉在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中起著不可替代的作用，是農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中最重要的環(huán)節(jié)之一。本課題設(shè)計了自動化灌溉的控制系統(tǒng)，能夠在一天內(nèi)分四個時段對灌溉進行定時控制，并且設(shè)計了多種灌溉模式，可以根據(jù)不同的設(shè)置進行不同方式的灌溉，能夠適用于多種環(huán)境。系統(tǒng)提供四個獨立定時器，八個可分配灌溉區(qū)域，并提供可選的多種模式，能夠適應(yīng)多種需求，并為系統(tǒng)的擴展預(yù)留了接口，能夠支持區(qū)域數(shù)目的擴展，以及傳感器方案的升級。在定時控制的基礎(chǔ)上，本系統(tǒng)通過采集環(huán)境溫度，濕度參數(shù)估算出植物潛在蒸散量，依據(jù)植物潛在蒸散量計算出植物對水分的有效吸收量，從而得出有效灌溉的水量，進而對系統(tǒng)預(yù)設(shè)的灌溉時間進行修正，使灌溉用水的利用率達到最大。通過將土壤水分參數(shù)參與灌溉控制，從而達到控制水資源浪費，提高灌溉效率的目的。本課題設(shè)計的控制系統(tǒng)使用了七英寸的電阻式觸摸屏控制面板，人機交互界面豐富，便于操作，易于擴展升級。
本文首先介紹了本課題的系統(tǒng)設(shè)計綜述，包括硬件設(shè)計和軟件設(shè)計的基本思路。再依次詳細描述了硬件設(shè)計和軟件設(shè)計，其中硬件設(shè)計包括詳細的控制電路設(shè)計及接口電路的實現(xiàn)；軟件的設(shè)計包括灌溉控制系統(tǒng)的架構(gòu)設(shè)計，32位微控制器的軟件編程設(shè)計，灌溉控制程序的設(shè)計思路，灌溉控制算法的實現(xiàn)，觸屏界面的設(shè)計和優(yōu)化，分時任務(wù)調(diào)度的實現(xiàn)。最后通過實驗得出實驗數(shù)據(jù)，實驗數(shù)據(jù)顯示本設(shè)計已達到了設(shè)計目的，得出了期望結(jié)論。本課題研究的項目能夠應(yīng)用于現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)，節(jié)省大量人力勞動力，并進行智能化節(jié)水灌溉，能夠根據(jù)實時環(huán)境調(diào)整灌溉時間，在不同的天氣情況采取相應(yīng)的控制策略，當(dāng)出現(xiàn)降水天氣時減少灌溉的水量，當(dāng)持續(xù)干旱時能夠智能增加灌溉水量，改變了傳統(tǒng)的人力灌溉模式，能夠為農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)智能化做出貢獻。
關(guān)鍵詞 農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉 單片機 潛在蒸散量 人機交互界面 分時任務(wù)調(diào)度

Research on automatic timing irrigation control system
Abstract In the agricultural industry, the irrigation is an essential and crucial process. The subject designed various irrigation mode and can irrigate in different methods according to the user’s configuration which make the system can apply to various environment. The irrigation system provides four independent timer, eight assignable irrigation areas and various irrigation mode. The irrigation system also remained interface for system update and maintenance which can extend more sensors and irrigation areas. Based on regular timing control, the irrigation system conserves water and even improves the efficiency of water used to irrigate by adjusting the preset timer, which depend on Potential Evapotranspiration estimated by air temperature and soil moisture. And the irrigation system has a various, efficient and upgradeable man-machine interface which equip 7-inch touch screen.
The dissertation discusses the smart irrigation system overview first, which include the design concept of the control circuit and software architecture. And then elaborate the hardware design and software design. The hardware design include design of control circuit and interface circuit. And the software design consist of the smart irrigation system architecture, the 32-bit microcontroller program design, the control algorithm of irrigation, the design and optimize of the touch screen program, the Time-sharing task scheduling. And according to the result of experiment, the subject accomplish the expected target. The smart irrigation system can make an efficient, water-saving irrigation，which can adjust the configuration of irrigation while climate is change. When there is a precipitation the system will decrease the time of irrigation to save water resource and when there is a drought the system will increase irrigation. The smart irrigation system reduce the labour power of irrigation and contributes to popularizing the smart management of agricultural industry.
Key Words agricultural irrigation Microcontroller potential evapotranspiration human-computer interaction interface Time-sharing task scheduling
目 錄
第一章 緒 論 2
1.1研究背景及意義 2
1.2 控制系統(tǒng)綜述 2
第二章 系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計 2
2.1 控制電路設(shè)計 2
2.2 傳感器模組 2
2.3 電氣控制柜實物電路 2
第三章 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計 2
3.1 控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 2
3.2 STM32微控制器編程 2
3.3 分時任務(wù)調(diào)度程序設(shè)計 2
3.4 CPU時鐘模塊程序設(shè)計 2
3.5 ADC采樣模塊程序設(shè)計 2
3.6 實時時鐘模塊設(shè)計 2
3.7 觸屏界面設(shè)計 2
3.8 算法的優(yōu)化思路 2
第四章 控制系統(tǒng)的實現(xiàn) 2
4.1 定時灌溉算法實現(xiàn) 2
4.2 環(huán)境參數(shù)采集 2
4.3 植物潛在蒸散量算法分析 2
4.3.1 溫度估算法分析 2
4.3.2 輻射量估算法 2
4.3.3 聯(lián)合估算法 2
4.4 智能灌溉控制算法實現(xiàn) 2
第五章 實驗結(jié)果 2
總 結(jié) 2
致 謝 2
參考文獻 2
附錄A 程序源代碼 2