直線永磁同步電機(jī)定位力的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)

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摘要 與旋轉(zhuǎn)電機(jī)類似，根據(jù)工作原理的差別，直線電機(jī)也存在著許多類型，在這其中應(yīng)用比較多的有直線同步電機(jī)與直線感應(yīng)電機(jī)兩大類。本課題主要圍繞直線永磁同步電機(jī)的定位力優(yōu)化進(jìn)行研究。定位力作為直線永磁同步電機(jī)不可避免的特性之一，嚴(yán)重影響了整個(gè)直線驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的性能。因此，本文根據(jù)直線永磁同步電機(jī)的運(yùn)行原理，對(duì)直線永磁同步電機(jī)定位力的產(chǎn)生機(jī)理、優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)方法進(jìn)行了研究，主要包括齒極配比、初級(jí)齒形狀、永磁體形狀以及邊齒位置四個(gè)方面，力圖尋找有效降低直線永磁同步電機(jī)定位力的方法。
定位力作為推力波動(dòng)的重要組成部分，在創(chuàng)建以齒槽效應(yīng)和端部效應(yīng)為參數(shù)的磁路分析模型的基礎(chǔ)上，利用有限元的方法對(duì)直線永磁同步電機(jī)(PMLSM)進(jìn)行了二維建模，從而分析了影響定位力大小的關(guān)鍵因素，得出合適的初級(jí)齒形狀、邊齒位置、齒極配比、永磁體形狀來有效減小定位力。通過有限元仿真，總結(jié)了直線永磁同步電機(jī)定位力的變化規(guī)律，證明了磁路分析模型的正確性。
本文考慮了不同參數(shù)下直線永磁同步電機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)方案，以優(yōu)化定位力，詳細(xì)的內(nèi)容如下：
首先，闡述了直線永磁同步電機(jī)的研究背景，國內(nèi)外研究狀況，然后介紹了直線電機(jī)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，直線永磁同步電機(jī)的應(yīng)用前景以及定位力分析與優(yōu)化方法的現(xiàn)狀。
其次，介紹了直線永磁同步電機(jī)的定義、工作原理，對(duì)影響定位力主要因素進(jìn)行闡述。
然后，介紹有限元分析軟件JMAG，建立了直線永磁同步電機(jī)的有限元仿真模型。
最后，基于上述有限元模型，根據(jù)直線永磁同步電機(jī)的特點(diǎn)，針對(duì)定位力這一參數(shù)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)，分析了幾種典型定位力優(yōu)化方法的效果，并最終得到了優(yōu)化方案。
關(guān)鍵詞：直線永磁同步電機(jī) 定位力 邊端效應(yīng) 齒槽效應(yīng) 有限元分析


Detent Force Optimization for Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor
Abstract Similar with the rotary motor, according to the different working principle of linear motor, there are many types of linear motors, in which linear synchronous motor and linear induction motor are the most popular in different applications. This paper focuses on detent force optimization of the permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM). Detent force is one of the inevitably characteristics of the PMLSM, which is seriously affected the performances of the linear drive system. Therefore, in this paper, according to the operation principle of PMLSM, the optimization design of PMLSM Detent force is investigated including four aspects such as the tooth pole ratio, primary tooth shape, the shape of the permanent magnet and the additional tooth position, to find effective methods to reduce the detent force of permanent magnet linear motor.
Detent force as the main part of the thrust fluctuation is an important performance of the permanent magnet linear synchronous motor. Based on magnetic circuit analysis model, the detent force and the end effect force analysis model is established. And the two-dimensional finite element method model is built, based on which the key factors influence on the detent force are analyzed, including the primary tooth shape, tooth position, tooth appropriate additional pole ratio, the shape of the permanent magnet.
This paper designed the different parameters of permanent magnet linear synchronous motor design, in order to optimize the detent force, the specific contents are as follows:
Firstly, the research background of the PMLSM, the development trend of the linear motor and PMLSM applications and the analysis and optimization of the detent force are summarized.
Secondly, the definition, working principle of PMLSM and the main factors that affect the detent force are introduced.
Then, the finite element analysis (FEA) software JMAG is introduced and the FEA analysis model of the PMLSM is built.
Finally, considering the characteristics of the PMLSM, the design optimization of the detent force is carried out. And the optimized parameters are obtained based on the analyses of several typical design methods.

Key words: permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM); detent force; end effect; slot effect; Finite Element Analysis (FEA)