基于STM32的網(wǎng)儲互補直流控制系統(tǒng)

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摘要 隨著新能源應用的推廣，光伏、風能發(fā)電應用越來越廣泛，尤其是光伏系統(tǒng)發(fā)出來的直接是直流電，而相當一部分的用電設備如電視機、LED電燈等都是使用的直流電，如果用直流供電系統(tǒng)給這些設備供電，就省去了光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的逆變環(huán)節(jié)和用電設備的AC/DC轉換環(huán)節(jié)。簡化了供電系統(tǒng)結構，也避免了轉換過程的能量損耗。
本設計基于STM32 ARM7內(nèi)核的處理器設計一款8路直流電源控制系統(tǒng)，控制8回路直流負載，每回路功率額定功率100W。系統(tǒng)采用蓄電池和市電雙回路供電，蓄電池電能來自于光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)。優(yōu)先使用蓄電池的電能，當蓄電池供電不足時采用市電供電。系統(tǒng)可以通過上位機控制每個回路的開關，同時在上位機顯示每個回路的負載電流。
在設計過程中首先完成了以STM32為主控芯片的供電回路系統(tǒng)原理圖，該供電系統(tǒng)一共有八個回路，每一路均可以單獨控制。開關電源供電或者蓄電池供電，回路開關控制和電源切換采用電子開關，每回路具有過壓和過流保護功能。并且有聲光報警以引起操作人員的注意。整個系統(tǒng)可以自檢測回路電流，供電電壓。
然后針對已經(jīng)設計好了的系統(tǒng)原理圖，制作出了相應的PCB電路板，在PCB板設計過程中將電路分成兩大塊，分別是主電路和控制電路，兩塊電路板之間通過排線相連接。電路板焊接完成，經(jīng)過調(diào)試后能夠正常工作。
接下來編寫STM32單片機控制程序，控制程序的編寫是基于RT-Thread操作系統(tǒng)來完成的，經(jīng)過長時間的編寫與嘗試基本完成了設計之初所預想的所有功能，包括底層硬件的初始化程序、多線程任務切換、各回路之間正確的調(diào)度以及系統(tǒng)工作過程中系統(tǒng)參數(shù)的測量與監(jiān)控，并且能夠長時間穩(wěn)定的工作。
最后本系統(tǒng)還完成了與上位機的信息交互。開發(fā)了高效、穩(wěn)定的通信協(xié)議，通過串口與上位機實現(xiàn)信息交換。完成了通過上位機直接控制回路以及監(jiān)控供電系統(tǒng)參數(shù)的功能。
關鍵詞： 互補供電 直流供電系統(tǒng) STM32 TR-Thread 上位機

Design of Complementary DC Power Supply Control System
Based On STM32 MCU
Abstract Along with the popularization and application of new energy, photovoltaic,wind power is applied more and more widely, especially photovoltaic system directly generats DC current , and a considerable part of the electric equipment such as TV, LED lamps are used the DC power, if DC power supply system gives power to these devices directly, eliminating the need of inverter for photovoltaic power generation system and the AC/DC conversion of electrical equipment . DC power supply system for DC load power supply eliminates the inverter AC/DC conversion processes, simplifies thestructure of power supply system, but also avoid the loss of energy in conversion process.
The design of an 8 circuit DC power supply control system is based on STM32 ARM7 processor. It controls 8 DC loads, each loop can supply 100W. System uses the battery and electric as power supply, battery power from photovoltaic power generation system. Give priority to the use of battery power supply, when the battery power supply is insufficient, the electric power will be used. System has PC remote control function,each loop can be controlled through the PC, and the load current of each circuit can be displayed in PC.
In the design process, first finishing the design of power supply circuit schematic using STM32 as the main control chip, the power supply system has eight loop, each loop can be independently controlled. Using switching power supply or battery power supply, circuit switch is controlled by an electronic switch, each circuit is equipped with overvoltage and overcurrent protectionfunction. And the sound and light alarm to attract the attention of the operator.The whole system can detection circuit, power supply voltage.
Then make the PCB boards according to the system schematic,the board is divided into two parts,which is the main circuit and control circuit, two circuit boards are connected by cable. Then Welding the board and debugging it to work properly.
Then starting program the STM32 MCU, the control programing is based on the RT-Thread operating system, after a long time writing and trying to complete all the functions, measurement and monitoring includes the underlying hardware initialization procedures, multitasking system change, scheduling correctly between each circuit, Measuring and monitoring systerm parameters. The systerm can stably work for a long time.
Finally, this system can comunicate with computer using high efficiency and stable protocol, achieving the exchange of information through the serial port. Principal computer can control circuit and monitoring power system parameters directly.
Key Words Complementary Power Supply DC Power Supply System STM32 RT-Thread Host Computer

目錄
第一章 緒 論 1
1.1 網(wǎng)儲互補直流電源控制系統(tǒng)研究背景及意義 1
1.1.1 網(wǎng)儲互補直流電源控制系統(tǒng)研究的歷史背景 1
1.1.2 網(wǎng)儲互補直流電源控制系統(tǒng)研究的意義 2
1.2 網(wǎng)儲互補直流控制系統(tǒng)的概述 2
1.3 本文主要設計內(nèi)容 4
第二章 控制電路的設計 6
2.1 處理器的選擇與外圍電路的設計 6
2.1.1 STM32主要性能 7
2.1.2 處理器電路 8
2.1.3看門狗電路 8
2.1.4 I/O擴展電路設計 10
2.2 模數(shù)轉換電路的選擇與設計 10
2.2.1 模數(shù)轉換電路設計 12
2.2.2 電壓基準電路設計 15
2.2.3 模擬開關電路設計 16
2.3 實時鐘電路設計 17
2.3.1 時鐘產(chǎn)生電路基本原理 17
2.3.2 實時鐘芯片的選擇 17
2.4 工作電源設計 18
2.4.1 線性電源簡介 19
2.4.2 開關電源的優(yōu)缺點 19
2.4.3 低壓DC/DC電源設計 20
2.5 控制板中其他電路的設計 21
2.5.1 繼電器開關電路的設計 21
2.5.2 蜂鳴器報警電路的設計 23
第三章 主電路的設計 24
3.1 電子開關選擇及驅動電路的設計 24
3.1.1 電子開關的選擇 24
3.1.2 驅動電源的設計 25
3.1.2 驅動電路的設計 27
3.2 電流采樣和短路保護電路的設計 28
3.2.1 電流采樣電路的設計 28
3.2.2 短路保護電路的設計 29
第四章 系統(tǒng)程序設計 31
4.1 RT-Thread嵌入式操作系統(tǒng) 32
4.1.1 嵌入系統(tǒng)發(fā)展歷史及現(xiàn)狀 32
4.1.2  嵌入式操作系統(tǒng)簡介 33
4.1.3  RT-Thread操作系統(tǒng)簡介 34
4.2 控制程序設計 36
4.2.1  軟件開發(fā)環(huán)境Keil MDK簡介 36
4.2.2 系統(tǒng)初始化程序設計 37
4.2.3 硬件模塊初始化程序設計 39
4.2.4 創(chuàng)建線程模塊 39
4.2.5 創(chuàng)建定時器模塊 40
4.2.6 串口通信模塊 40
4.3 上位機操作界面 41
第五章 總結與展望 43
5.1 總結 43
5.2 展望 44
致謝 45
參考文獻 46
附錄A 電路圖 48
附錄B 實物圖 50
附錄C 控制程序 51