用于2.4GHz ISM頻段的倒F天線設(shè)計(jì)與分析

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摘要 隨著越來越多的民用科研產(chǎn)品集中在ISM頻段，這一頻段的微波元器件設(shè)計(jì)也就越來越受到射頻工程師的關(guān)注。對(duì)于民用產(chǎn)品來說，微帶天線適應(yīng)了其集約化、小型化的需求，從而成為產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)中的關(guān)鍵。Ansoft HFSS 是世界上第一個(gè)商業(yè)化的三維結(jié)構(gòu)電磁場(chǎng)仿真軟件，廣泛應(yīng)用于無線和有線通信、計(jì)算機(jī)、衛(wèi)星、雷達(dá)、半導(dǎo)體和微波集成電路、航空航天等領(lǐng)域。本課題的研究?jī)?nèi)容主要是基于倒F天線結(jié)構(gòu)，使用HFSS的優(yōu)化功能進(jìn)行微波工程設(shè)計(jì)，仿真及優(yōu)化倒F天線，并對(duì)其特性進(jìn)行分析。
本文在論述了微帶天線基本理論和結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)指標(biāo)的基礎(chǔ)上，重點(diǎn)對(duì)諧振頻率為ISM頻段2.4GHz的倒F天線的主要結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)進(jìn)行了論述和分析。在了解了HFSS軟件的設(shè)計(jì)流程和天線仿真功能的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)所設(shè)計(jì)的倒F天線進(jìn)行了電磁仿真分析，并對(duì)天線的諧振長(zhǎng)度、寬度和饋電點(diǎn)到接地點(diǎn)間距等參數(shù)值進(jìn)行模擬仿真，發(fā)現(xiàn)了天線的諧振頻率隨著天線的諧振長(zhǎng)度和寬度的增加而減小，隨著饋電點(diǎn)和接地點(diǎn)間距的增加而增大。比較不同的參數(shù)值的天線10dB帶寬、諧振頻率和最小S11值，選取相應(yīng)的參數(shù)值，最終得到性能良好的倒F天線的模型結(jié)構(gòu)。研究表明，本文設(shè)計(jì)的天線具有良好的性能。

關(guān)鍵詞 倒F天線 ISM頻段 微帶天線 HFSS 通信系統(tǒng) 優(yōu)化

Design and Analysis of Inverted-F Antenna for 2.4GHz ISM Band

ABSTRACT As more and more civil scientific research products are concentrated in the ISM band, the frequency of microwave components design is more and more get the attention of RF engineer. For civilian products, the micro-strip antenna to meet the needs of its intensive, miniaturization, becoming the key in the product design. Ansoft HFSS is one of the world's first commercial 3D electromagnetic field simulation software structure, widely used in wired and wireless communications, computers, satellites, radar and microwave integrated circuits, semiconductor and aerospace and other fields. This topic research content is mainly based on the inverted F antenna structure, using HFSS optimization function of microwave engineering design, simulation and optimization of inverted F antenna, and analyzes its characteristics.
Based on the introduction of basic concepts and parameters of micro-strip antenna, this paper focus on the IFA antenna operating at 2.4GHz ISM band, then illustrated and analyzed its main parameters. Be familiar with the simulation process and simulation function of HFSS software, several simulation analysis about the resonant length, width, and the antenna feed point and the ground spacing parameters of IFA antenna have been made, and find with the resonant frequency of the antenna resonant length and width of the antenna increases and decreases, while with the increase in feed and ground point spacing increases. Compare 10db bandwidth of antenna, the resonant frequency and minimum S11 value of different parameter value, select the corresponding parameter values, possible antenna structures of better performance are optimized and proposed. The results show that the proposed antenna in this paper has good performance.

KEYWORDS Inverted-F antenna ISM band micro-strip antenna HFSS communication system optimization

目 錄
第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究背景及意義 1
1.2移動(dòng)終端天線的研究現(xiàn)狀 2
1.3本文主要研究?jī)?nèi)容 2
第二章 倒F天線的基本理論 4
2.1微帶天線的輻射機(jī)理 4
2.2微帶天線的激勵(lì)方法 6
2.2.1微帶饋電 7
2.2.2同軸饋電 7
2.3倒F天線的基本理論 7
2.3.1倒F天線的基本結(jié)構(gòu) 7
2.3.2倒F天線基本原理 8
2.3.3倒F天線特性分析 9
2.4本章小結(jié) 11
第三章 倒F天線優(yōu)化技術(shù)及分析方法 12
3.1 IFA天線的優(yōu)化技術(shù) 12
3.1.1增加介電常數(shù) 12
3.1.2加載技術(shù) 13
3.1.3曲流技術(shù) 13
3.2 倒F天線等效模型及分析方法 15
3.2.1傳輸線模型法 15
3.2.2空腔模型法 15
3.2.3全波法 16
3.3本章小結(jié) 17
第四章 HFSS仿真分析方法 18
4.1 Ansoft HFSS 概述 18
4.2 HFSS的優(yōu)點(diǎn) 19
4.3 HFSS工作界面說明 20
4.4 HFSS設(shè)計(jì)天線步驟 21
4.5本章小結(jié) 25
第五章 倒F天線仿真分析與優(yōu)化 26
5.1 倒F天線的模型結(jié)構(gòu) 26
5.2 倒F天線的建模和仿真 27
5.2.1 HFSS建模過程 27
5.2.2 倒F天線的仿真結(jié)果 29
5.3不同的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)對(duì)倒F天線性能的影響 30
5.3.1天線諧振長(zhǎng)度L對(duì)天線性能的影響 30
5.3.2天線高度H對(duì)天線性能的影響 31
5.3.3接地點(diǎn)和饋電點(diǎn)間距S對(duì)天線性能的影響 32
5.4 倒F天線的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì) 32
5.5本章小結(jié) 37
第六章 結(jié)論與展望 38
致 謝 39
參考文獻(xiàn) 40