淺析達(dá)爾多元民主理論
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目 錄
摘 要…………………………………………………………Ⅰ
ABSTRACT……………………………………………………Ⅱ
引 言…………………………………………………………1
一、達(dá)爾多元民主理論形成的前提…………………………2
（一）對(duì)拉斯基多元政治觀的繼承………………………………2
（二）對(duì)“三權(quán)分立”和“人民主權(quán)”的批評(píng)………………2
二、達(dá)爾多元民主理論的基本內(nèi)容…………………………5
（一）多元的社會(huì)………………………………………………5
（二）多頭政治…………………………………………………5
（三）多元民主的困境…………………………………………6
（四）民主是一種過程…………………………………………7
三、達(dá)爾多元民主理論的價(jià)值及其局限性…………………9
（一）達(dá)爾多元民主理論的價(jià)值………………………………9
（二）達(dá)爾多元民主理論的局限性……………………………12
結(jié) 論…………………………………………………………13
參考文獻(xiàn)………………………………………………………14
致 謝…………………………………………………………15


摘 要
羅伯特•A•達(dá)爾（Robert A.Dahl 1915-），當(dāng)代美國著名的政治學(xué)家，西方重要的民主理論家和多元主義民主理論的主要代表。本文著重介紹了他對(duì)麥迪遜的“三權(quán)分立”和盧梭的“人民主權(quán)”的批評(píng)，并基于對(duì)“多元社會(huì)”、“多頭政治”、多元民主的困境以及程序民主等達(dá)爾基本民主理論的分析，提出了以下三個(gè)方面的啟示：1、多元組織對(duì)社會(huì)利益進(jìn)行表達(dá)和整合，有助于輸出的公共決策代表更大多數(shù)人的意志；2、多元組織的存在能夠有效地制約公共權(quán)力，防止權(quán)力的濫用；3、由于程序民主可以保證結(jié)果的公正，因此我們應(yīng)當(dāng)以之作為追求的政治價(jià)值。文章還對(duì)多元間能否做到彼此寬容進(jìn)行了思考。希望在一定程度上能夠?yàn)槲覈拿裰鹘ㄔO(shè)提供借鑒。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 達(dá)爾 多元主義民主 多頭政治 人民主權(quán)


Regarding Dahl 's pluralistic democracy in the theory of several understanding
Abstract
Robert • A •Dahl(1915 -), the contemporary US renowned political scientist, is main representative of Western important democratic theoretician and pluralism democratic theory. This article introduced emphatically his criticism of Madison’s “separation of powers” and Rousseau’s “people's sovereignty”, analyzed Dahl’s basic democratic theory, which includes “the multi-dimensional society”, “the polyarchy”, the multi-dimensional democracy difficult position as well as the procedure democracy and so on, and proposed following three aspect enlightenment: 1st, the multi-dimensional organization carries on expression and conformity to social benefit, is helpful to represent the majority person's will in output public policy-making; 2nd, the multi-dimensional organization's existence can effectively restrict public authority, and prevent abuse of power ; 3rd, because of procedure democracy may guarantee result fair, therefore we must pursue it as our political value. This article also pondered whether did multi-dimensional achieve tolerant of each other. I hoped this article could provide the model for our country's democracy construction to a certain extent.
Key word: Robert • A •Dahl, Pluralism democracy, Polyarchy, People's sovereignty