便攜式機(jī)械振動(dòng)檢測(cè)儀的設(shè)計(jì)

摘    要
機(jī)械振動(dòng)的危害很大，為了防振、減振，機(jī)械振動(dòng)檢測(cè)越來(lái)越受到人們的重視。因此，機(jī)械振動(dòng)檢測(cè)儀也應(yīng)用而生正朝著便攜化、智能化的方向發(fā)展。本系統(tǒng)是基于單片機(jī)控制的便攜式機(jī)械振動(dòng)檢測(cè)儀器。便攜式機(jī)械振動(dòng)檢測(cè)儀可以對(duì)處于工作狀態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)或部件的振動(dòng)進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)測(cè)量和分析。測(cè)定振動(dòng)體某處的位移、速度、加速度的大小等。與傳統(tǒng)的振動(dòng)檢測(cè)儀器相比，此次儀器具有體積小、重量輕、攜帶使用方便并且能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)在線實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)從而達(dá)到實(shí)時(shí)控制的目的。
本系統(tǒng)使用兩個(gè)CS-CD-505型速度傳感器，直接將不同位置的兩個(gè)振動(dòng)信號(hào)送到放大器，放大的信號(hào)通過(guò)低通濾波器才能得到系統(tǒng)需要的有用信號(hào)，同時(shí)可以有效的濾除由信號(hào)傳送、前置放大等模擬信號(hào)的處理中串入的50Hz的工頻干擾。信號(hào)再通過(guò)采樣保持后，得到同時(shí)刻的模擬信號(hào)，模擬信號(hào)經(jīng)A/D轉(zhuǎn)換后成為數(shù)字信號(hào)送到控制芯片來(lái)分析處理。系統(tǒng)一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)所測(cè)信號(hào)超出設(shè)定值范圍將發(fā)出警報(bào)以達(dá)到實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)的目的。
本系統(tǒng)硬件實(shí)現(xiàn)信號(hào)的采集，軟件系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)信號(hào)的處理，速度信號(hào)經(jīng)過(guò)求導(dǎo)得到位移，而加速度可以通過(guò)對(duì)速度信號(hào)的積分而得到。同樣的道理，對(duì)速度信號(hào)進(jìn)行傅立葉變換就可以得到頻率信號(hào)。

關(guān)鍵詞：振動(dòng)，單片機(jī)，信號(hào)檢測(cè)

ABSTRACT

Mechanical vibration of the great harm to vibration, vibration, mechanical vibration test more and more people's attention. Therefore, the mechanical vibration detector of Health are also applications in the portable and intelligent direction. The system is based on the control of the microcontroller portable mechanical vibration test equipment. Portable mechanical vibration detector can work in a state of the structural components of the vibration or conduct real-time measurement and analysis. Determination of vibration somewhere in the displacement, velocity and acceleration of the size. With the traditional vibration detection instruments, equipment, a small size, light weight, portable and easy to achieve on-line real-time monitoring to achieve real-time control purposes.
    The system uses two CS-CD-505-type speed sensors directly to the two different locations vibration signal to the amplifier, to enlarge the signal through the low pass filter can be a useful signal system needs, and can effectively filter out from Signal transmission, preamplifier, and other analog signal processing in the string of 50 Hz to the frequency interference. To maintain signal through sampling, received the same time the analog signal, analog signal by the A / D converter to become a digital signal to the chip to control analysis. Once a measurement system by setting the scope beyond the signal will be issued a warning to achieve real-time monitoring purposes.
    The system hardware signals in the collection, the software system to achieve signal processing, speed signal derivation by displacement, and the acceleration of speed through the signal and get points. The same token, the FT-speed signals can be frequency signals.

Key words：Vibration, SCM , Signal Detection
 

目錄
1 緒論 1
1.1機(jī)械振動(dòng)檢測(cè)的任務(wù)和重要性 1
1.2 檢測(cè)過(guò)程和檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)的組成 2
2 系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)介 4
2.1振動(dòng)信號(hào)的特征 4
2.2數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng) 4
2.3系統(tǒng)原理框圖 5
3 系統(tǒng)元件選擇 7
3.1單片機(jī)的選用 7
3.1.1主要性能參數(shù) 7
3.1.2功能特性概述 7
3.1.3管腳描述 7
3.1.4中斷 9
3.1.5操作模式 9
3.2 CS-CD-505傳感器 10
3.3 前置放大器 12
3.4 采樣保持器 13
3.5 A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器 14
3.5.1內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu) 14
3.5.2引腳功能 16
4 系統(tǒng)界面 19
4.1 LABVIEW軟件簡(jiǎn)介 19
4.2 系統(tǒng)界面 19
5 系統(tǒng)軟件的設(shè)計(jì) 20
5.1信號(hào)參數(shù)的求解 20
5.1.1 位移信號(hào) 20
5.1.2加速度信號(hào) 20
5.2程序流程圖 21
5.2.1主程序流程圖 21
5.2.2 A/D轉(zhuǎn)換中斷服務(wù)程序 21
5.2.3 寫一個(gè)字到閃存子程序流程圖 22
5.2.4 存儲(chǔ)子程序流程圖 23
5.3 程序的編寫 24
5.3.1主程序 24
5.3.2 A/D中斷服務(wù)程序 25
5.3.3 外部存儲(chǔ)器寫入數(shù)據(jù)程序 26
5.3.4 外部存儲(chǔ)器寫入數(shù)據(jù)程序 27
6 結(jié)論…………………………………………………………………………………………… 28
7 致謝…………………………………………………………………………………………… 29
參 考 文 獻(xiàn) 30
附錄A：電氣原理圖…………………………………………………………………………29