二維板材優(yōu)化排樣及自動切割系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計

摘  要

二維矩形件優(yōu)化排樣問題普遍存在于玻璃、鋼板、木材、紙張、制衣和船舶等行業(yè)中。一個好的排樣方案可以節(jié)省原材料，降低生產(chǎn)成本，直接給企業(yè)帶來經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，提高企業(yè)的核心競爭力。因此，開展對二維矩形件優(yōu)化排樣問題的研究具有重要的理論意義和工程應(yīng)用價值。本文簡單介紹了矩形件優(yōu)化排樣問題和自動切割系統(tǒng)，構(gòu)建了一個排樣效率高、計算速度快和排樣效果好的一種近似算法。算法的主要思想是采用啟發(fā)式搜索和背包算法，使每次排樣都達(dá)到局部最優(yōu)，從而得到局部最優(yōu)解。本文在分析矩形件優(yōu)化排樣問題特點的基礎(chǔ)上，建立了該問題的數(shù)學(xué)模型，分別介紹幾種優(yōu)化方法，并與本文算法進(jìn)行了比較。軟件設(shè)計部分結(jié)合計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)的大量應(yīng)用，將算法應(yīng)用于分布式排樣系統(tǒng)，這里只列出二維排樣的程序流程圖。硬件設(shè)計部分主要設(shè)計一個簡單的自動切割系統(tǒng)，使其能利用排樣效果圖和排樣數(shù)據(jù)表切割，主要設(shè)計自動控制部分，完成電氣控制、交流伺服單元和恒壓力系統(tǒng)設(shè)計，并提出數(shù)據(jù)交換途徑。

關(guān)鍵詞：矩形件優(yōu)化排樣， 自動切割控制系統(tǒng)，啟發(fā)式搜索， 背包算法， 分布式系統(tǒng)
 

ABSTRACT

The problem of two-dimensional optimal layout for rectangular parts widely exists in many manufacturing industries, such as glasswork, steel plate machining, lumbering, rag trade, shipbuilding and so on. A good packing scheme can not only save raw material and reduce the production cost, but also bring economic benefits for enterprises and enhance the competitiveness of enterprises. Therefore, research on the problem of two-dimensional optimal layout for rectangular parts is very important in theory and applications.This paper introduced the two-dimensional optimal layout program and the automatic incise system in brief, then presented a approximate algorithm which can rapidly, set up a optimal layout with high speed and satisfactory layout results. Adopting Heuristic search and Knapsack algorithm , the algorithm makes each layout optimal locally and obtained the approximate optimal solution. In this paper, the features of the problem are studied and its mathematical model is established. Then several methods are applied to solving the problem and compared with the arithmetic in this paper. The algorithm integrated with widespread of computer network was been applied to the distributed cutting stock system,just a layout flow has been list in this paper. Then present a automatic incise system use the optimal layout result, merely design a automatic control system , complete the electrocitcuit control、the operational servo and invariable pressure system , present a method for data exchange.

Key words: two-dimensional optimal layout, automatic incise system, Heuristic search, Knapsack algorithm, distributed system

目   錄

摘  要 I
ABSTRACT II
1  引言 1
1.1 緒論 1
1.2 優(yōu)化排樣問題的提出 1
1.3 自動切割問題的提出 2
1.4 課題的主要工作 3
2  二維板材優(yōu)化排樣算法設(shè)計 5
2.1 排樣算法簡介 5
2.1.1 典型的幾種排樣算法 5
2.1.2 排樣材料利用率的計算 7
2.2 基于背包算法的矩形件排樣 8
2.2.1 板寬條料的產(chǎn)生 8
2.2.2 條料的補充方案一 9
2.2.3 條料的補充方案二 9
2.2.4 背包問題 10
2.3 基于啟發(fā)式搜索算法的矩形件排樣 10
2.4 排樣算法設(shè)計 13
2.4.1 算法初步確定 14
2.4.2 余料A的排樣方案 15
2.4.3 整塊板材排樣算法描述 16
2.4.4 與其它兩種近似算法的比較 16
3  優(yōu)化排樣系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計和實現(xiàn) 18
3.1 系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)途徑 18
3.1.1 排樣系統(tǒng)軟件開發(fā)方法 18
3.1.2 排樣系統(tǒng)開發(fā)平臺的確定 18
3.2 優(yōu)化排樣系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計 19
3.2.1 系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)模式 19
3.2.2 系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)及功能 19
3.3 排樣系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計 20
    3.4 排樣系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用實例……………………………………………………………………..22
4  自動切割系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 28
4.1 切割系統(tǒng)整體設(shè)計 28
4.1.1 切割機運行特點及控制要求 28
4.1.2 電控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計思想及結(jié)構(gòu)框圖 28
4.1.3 系統(tǒng)功能實現(xiàn) 30
4.2 電控系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計 31
4.2.1 通用操作電路板的設(shè)計 31
4.2.2 交流伺服單元設(shè)計 33
4.2.3 恒壓力系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 37
4.3 控制程序設(shè)計 42
5  結(jié)論與展望 44
5.1 總結(jié) 44
5.2 今后的展望 44
參考文獻(xiàn)………………………………………………………….…………………………………………46
致謝……………………………………………………………………………………………...48
附錄A……………………………………………………………………………………………49