基于ARM7嵌入式DNC智能終端硬件平臺(tái)開(kāi)發(fā)

摘    要

隨著計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中的日益普遍應(yīng)用，數(shù)控加工的網(wǎng)絡(luò)化、集成化已成為必然的趨勢(shì)。分布式數(shù)控（Distributed Numerical Control，DNC）是實(shí)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)化、集成化數(shù)控加工的主要手段之一。本課題就是研究一種基于ARM7嵌入式DNC智能終端硬件平臺(tái)。
本文主要工作是以ARM微處理器(采用ARM7TDMI內(nèi)核的三星公司推出的S3C44B0x)及其外圍電路為硬件基礎(chǔ)，以u(píng)Clinux作為嵌入式操作系統(tǒng)，構(gòu)建一個(gè)嵌入式系統(tǒng)平臺(tái)。
本文共分為五個(gè)部分：
第一部分首先概述了嵌入式系統(tǒng)、DNC的定義、組成及發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀，著重介紹了uClinux操作系統(tǒng)；
第二部分首先分析了系統(tǒng)的功能需求，然后根據(jù)功能需求規(guī)劃了整體的結(jié)構(gòu)方案；
第三部分以三星公司的S3C44BOX微處理器作為主芯片，以片內(nèi)外設(shè)為基礎(chǔ)搭建一個(gè)基于ARM7芯片的嵌入式系統(tǒng)硬件平臺(tái)；
第四部分討論了Boot Loader的開(kāi)發(fā)及調(diào)試，主要完成了u-boot向S3C44B0X的移植；
最后，根據(jù)已有的硬件配置，分析了驅(qū)動(dòng)程序的開(kāi)發(fā)及調(diào)試。并以I2C驅(qū)動(dòng)程序?yàn)槔?，詳?xì)介紹了字符型設(shè)備驅(qū)動(dòng)程序的開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程。

關(guān)鍵詞：DNC，嵌入式，S3C44B0X，u-boot移植,驅(qū)動(dòng)

ABSTRACT

As the technology of the computer and network are more generally used in the manufacturing production, the networking and integration have already become an inevitable trend in manufacturing based on numerical control machine. DNC (Distributed Numerical Control) is one of the main means for realizing the networked and integrated numerical control processes.
This paper is based on the ARM processor (using the ARM7TDMI core, Samsung’s S3C44BOX) and the external circuit as the hardware foundation and in uClinux Embedded operating system as a building Embedded System Platform.
There are five parts in this paper:
In part one, the brief introduction is given to the DNC and Embedded System, and a detailed introduction is given to the uClinux Operating System;
In part two, the function needed by the system is talked first. Then, the entire structure is designed according to the function;
In part three, we set up a hardware platform of embedded control system based on ARM7 chip. The hardware takes ARM7 mic-processor S3C44B0X of Samsung Corporation as its chief chip;
Then, in part four, the design of the Boot Loader files is talked first, and then we mainly complete the u-boot transplant from u-boot to S3C44B0X board;
At last, according to the existing hardware configuration, the development and debugging of drivers is introduced. Take the IIC driver as an example: the article describes the developing process of the character device driver in detail.

Key words: DNC, Embedded, S3C44B0X, u-boot transplant, driver

目   錄

摘    要 I
ABSTRACT II
1  緒論 1
1.1 嵌入式的現(xiàn)狀及趨勢(shì) 1
1.1.1 嵌入式系統(tǒng)的定義 1
1.1.2 嵌入式技術(shù)的現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 1
1.1.3 嵌入式系統(tǒng)的組成 2
1.2 uClinux嵌入式操作系統(tǒng)概述 2
1.2.1 uClinux系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)介 2
1.2.2 uClinux的組成結(jié)構(gòu) 3
1.2.3 uClinux啟動(dòng)過(guò)程分析 4
1.3 課題背景 5
2  DNC智能終端總體方案設(shè)計(jì) 6
2.1 系統(tǒng)總體要求 6
2.2 總體方案設(shè)計(jì) 6
3  硬件設(shè)計(jì) 7
3.1 硬件總體結(jié)構(gòu)框架 7
3.2 微處理器的選擇 7
3.2.1 ARM7芯片及其體系結(jié)構(gòu) 7
3.2.2 S3C44B0X概述 9
3.3 Flash接口設(shè)計(jì) 10
3.4 SDRAM接口設(shè)計(jì) 11
3.5 I2C總線 12
3.5.1 I2C總線的概念及作用 12
3.5.2 I2C總線基本原理 13
3.5.3 總體特征 14
3.6 網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口設(shè)計(jì) 14
3.6.1 芯片概述 14
3.6.2 芯片特性 15
3.7 串口設(shè)計(jì) 16
3.8 ADC設(shè)計(jì) 16
3.8.1 ADC的概念 16
3.8.2 ADC的工作原理 17
3.8.3 S3C44B0X的ADC 17
4  BOOT LOADER的開(kāi)發(fā)及調(diào)試 19
4.1 BOOT LOADER概述 19
4.1.1 Boot Loader介紹 19
4.1.2 Boot Loader的啟動(dòng) 19
4.2 U-Boot概述 22
4.2.1 U-boot的作用及其加載過(guò)程 22
4.2.2 U-boot移植前的準(zhǔn)備工作 24
4.3 U-boot移植實(shí)踐 25
4.3.1 U-boot的具體移植過(guò)程 25
4.3.2 U-boot的編譯及其調(diào)試 32
5  驅(qū)動(dòng)程序的開(kāi)發(fā)及調(diào)試 34
5.1 設(shè)備驅(qū)動(dòng)程序結(jié)構(gòu)分析 34
5.1.1 uClinux下驅(qū)動(dòng)程序的開(kāi)發(fā) 34
5.1.2 與驅(qū)動(dòng)相關(guān)的內(nèi)核數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu) 35
5.2 字符型驅(qū)動(dòng)開(kāi)發(fā) 37
5.2.1 字符型驅(qū)動(dòng)程序的添加步驟 37
5.2.2 實(shí)例—I2C驅(qū)動(dòng)程序 37
6  結(jié)論 45
參 考 文 獻(xiàn) 46