汽車智能助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)

摘    要

隨著人們對(duì)汽車安全性、舒適性、經(jīng)濟(jì)性要求的不斷提高，對(duì)于汽車轉(zhuǎn)向的舒適性及靈敏性也提出了更高的要求。轉(zhuǎn)向性能作為汽車性能的一項(xiàng)重要評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。也越來(lái)越受到人們的關(guān)注。在僅僅幾十年的時(shí)間里，汽車轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)就經(jīng)歷了從傳統(tǒng)的機(jī)械式轉(zhuǎn)向到液壓動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向的過(guò)渡過(guò)程，并且向著電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的方向發(fā)展。電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)是一種新型的汽車轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)，具有以往任何助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)所不具備的助力效果和車速感應(yīng)能力，其核心部件電控單元能根據(jù)車速和方向盤(pán)操控力矩的不同決定是否助力以及助力的大小。本文在介紹液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)、電控液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展過(guò)程和分析比較它們優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上，闡述了國(guó)內(nèi)外汽車電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向的研究現(xiàn)狀，詳細(xì)分析了電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向的工作原理、結(jié)構(gòu)及其特點(diǎn)，提出了電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)需要解決的幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，并展望了其發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。
本文首先介紹了電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)( Electric Power Steering ， EPS) 的工作原理和結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)， 同時(shí)提出系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方案，并對(duì)方案進(jìn)行比較、優(yōu)化，然后進(jìn)行EPS的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算，進(jìn)行有關(guān)力學(xué)分析計(jì)算。最終完成EPS結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)和關(guān)鍵部位的設(shè)計(jì)。

關(guān)鍵詞：電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向（EPS），設(shè)計(jì)方案，結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)

ABSTRACT

Along with people to car safety、comfortable、economy of continuously pursue,and the electric power steering technique has to be an important one of development of car techniques. Within short and short and several decades，the power steering system has experience the traditional mechanical system to the hydraulic power steering system to the electric power steering system. Electric Power Steering (EPS) is a new type of vehicle steering system. It has the efficiency of assistance and the sense of speed, which any other type of system doesn’t have. According to the speed of vehicle and torque on steering wheel, Electric Control Unit (ECU)，a main part of EPS, can decide the amount of power to assist. The EPS techniques make progress perfectly and it is going to replace traditional Hydraulic Power Steering (HPS).It is a new high-tech which follows the development of modern automobile. In this thesis, we first analyze the development process of the traditional HPS system, the electronic control HPS system and the EPS system. Then, their merits and defects are also compared. The present developing situation and prospect of EPS is outlined and the principle, structure and characteristics of EPS are discussed. Some key techniques of EPS are also presented.
This paper introduces the feature principle and structure about EPS, at the same time put forward the whole design project, then compare and optimize the programmes. Then proceed to EPS of structural design, design parameters, the conduct of the mechanics of calculating. EPS structure of the final design and hand over parts design plans.

Key words： Electric Power Steering, design project, Structural Design, optimization design

目   錄

中文摘要 Ⅰ
ABSTRACT Ⅱ
1緒論 1
  1.1 電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)概述 1
  1.2 電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)（EPS）的特點(diǎn) 2
1.2.1 助力特性 2
1.2.2 操縱靈活性與穩(wěn)定性 2
1.2.3 增強(qiáng)了轉(zhuǎn)向跟隨性 3
1.2.4 節(jié)能環(huán)保 3
1.2.5 安全性 3
1.3 課題的研究目的及意義 3
1.4 國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀分析 4
1.5 本論文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容 5
2 電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)（EPS）的結(jié)構(gòu)及受力分析 6
  2.1電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的機(jī)構(gòu)及關(guān)鍵部件 6
2.1.1 EPS的主要結(jié)構(gòu) 6
2.1.2 EPS的工作原理 7
2.1.3 EPS的關(guān)鍵部位 7
2.1.4 EPS的關(guān)鍵技術(shù) 9
  2.2 電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的分類 10
  2.3 EPS的受力介紹 11
2.3.1 駕駛員的操縱力 11
2.3.2 EPS的阻力矩 11
2.3.3 EPS的助力矩 12
2.4 助力特性介紹 12
2.5 本章小結(jié) 14
 3 EPS總體方案的設(shè)計(jì) 15
 3.1 電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)（EPS）總體結(jié)構(gòu)方案 15
 3.2電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的組成部件的設(shè)計(jì)選取 16
   3.2.1 EPS傳感器 16
   3.2.2 電動(dòng)機(jī) 16
   3.3.3 減速機(jī)構(gòu) 18
  3.3 EPS助力傳動(dòng)方案的分析比較與優(yōu)化 18
     3.3.1 方案的對(duì)比 19
     3.3.2 傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)性能比較 20
  3.4 小結(jié) 23
4 電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)（EPS）關(guān)鍵部件的設(shè)計(jì) 24
 4.1 轉(zhuǎn)向軸的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 24
4.2普通圓柱蝸桿傳動(dòng)的主要參數(shù)幾何尺寸的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算 27
4.3 本章小結(jié) 31
5 結(jié)論 32
致謝 33
參考文獻(xiàn) 34