從先占原則論釣魚(yú)島的地位

摘　要
釣魚(yú)島自古以來(lái)就是中國(guó)的固有領(lǐng)土,但日本從上世紀(jì)60 年代末開(kāi)始, 不斷對(duì)釣魚(yú)島提出主權(quán)要求并強(qiáng)行占領(lǐng)該島。自此,中國(guó)政府和全球華人以各種形式不斷抗議。在國(guó)際法中，合法取得領(lǐng)土的方式有多種，其中一種就是“先占”，即以取得國(guó)的名義并為該國(guó)而占有土地，且在該土地上建立行政管理，它需要滿足四個(gè)條件：先占的主題是國(guó)家;主觀方面有意思表示;客體是無(wú)主地;客觀方面是有效占有。本文旨在從國(guó)際公法里“先占”原則分析釣魚(yú)島的地位，說(shuō)明釣魚(yú)島不是無(wú)主地、不屬于“先占”原則的客體，以及從中國(guó)和日本對(duì)釣魚(yú)島的實(shí)際利用情況分析兩國(guó)對(duì)釣魚(yú)島的有效占有，從而說(shuō)明日本妄圖占有釣魚(yú)島的行為是毫無(wú)根據(jù)和行不通的，中國(guó)對(duì)釣魚(yú)島的擁有絕對(duì)主權(quán)。
關(guān)鍵詞：先占, 無(wú)主地，有效占有

Discuss the status of Diaoyu island from the first principle

Abstract
    Diaoyu island has been the territory of China from time immemorial,but from the end of last 60th, Japan put in a claim for Diaoyu island continuously and occupied it by force. From then on , Chinese government and ethnic Chinese person arroud golobe empressed their protest in every varity of form. In the international law,there are many legal way of getting territory , of which is “occupation” ，it means that occupied nation occupy territory in her name, and  set executive management in the territory.Occupation need four important document: first, main subject of occupation is country;second,the country must show its subjective mean;third.the object of occupation is impersonally;the last,the objective side is effectively occupy. The purpose of this essay is going to analysis the status of the Diaoyu Islands, which based on the 'occupation' of the international law, then illustrate that the Diaoyu Islands is neither the terra nullius, nor belongs to the objective of 'occupation'. Moreover, according to analyze the actual utilization of the effectively occupy in two countries that including China and Japan, we can find out that the action of Japan attempted to occupy the Diaoyu Islands is groundless and just won't work，China has the absolute sovereignty of the Diaoyu Islands.
Key words: occupation; terra nullius; effectively occupy

目  錄
摘 要…………………………………………………………………………………………………… II
Abstract ………………………………………………………………………………………………III
前  言……………………………………………………………………………………………………1
一、先占原則的概述…………………………………………………………………………2
（一）先占的主體是國(guó)家…………………………………………………………………… 2
（二）先占對(duì)象是無(wú)主土地………………………………………………………………… 2
（三）先占需實(shí)行有效占領(lǐng)………………………………………………………………… 2
二、釣魚(yú)島適用“先占”原則的情況……………………………………………………3
（一）無(wú)主地的確認(rèn)………………………………………………………………………… 3
1.中國(guó)的發(fā)現(xiàn)………………………………………………………………………………… 3
2.日本的發(fā)現(xiàn)………………………………………………………………………………… 4
（二）有效占有……………………………………………………………………………… 6
1.中國(guó)的有效占有…………………………………………………………………………… 6
2.日本所謂的有效占有……………………………………………………………………… 7
（三）釣魚(yú)島爭(zhēng)端的現(xiàn)狀…………………………………………………………………… 8
結(jié)  論………………………………………………………………………………………9
參考文獻(xiàn)………………………………………………………………………………………………10
致  謝………………………………………………………………………………………………… 11