25t起重機(jī)臂架設(shè)計(jì)研究

摘    要

隨著各地的建設(shè)發(fā)展，用到起重機(jī)的地方越來(lái)越多，環(huán)境也更加復(fù)雜。臂架是履帶起重機(jī)的主要受載構(gòu)件,其強(qiáng)度直接影響起重機(jī)的安全性能。一臺(tái)履帶起重機(jī)具有多種臂架組合方式,使得有限元模型的建立非常繁瑣。本文以ANSYS為基礎(chǔ),研究了履帶起重機(jī)臂架系統(tǒng)參數(shù)化建模方法，極大地提高了效率。
履帶起重機(jī)的臂架是由型鋼焊接而成的大型空間超靜定桁架結(jié)構(gòu)，工程中常使用有限元法來(lái)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算。
本課題是根據(jù)桁架鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的受力特點(diǎn)，采用變截面梁?jiǎn)卧M起重機(jī)臂架整體結(jié)構(gòu)，建立了一種有限元簡(jiǎn)便分析方法，對(duì)履帶起重機(jī)臂架結(jié)構(gòu)的受力狀況和應(yīng)力特性進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)地分析，結(jié)果表明，有限元簡(jiǎn)便分析方法可以反映臂架的整體應(yīng)力狀態(tài)，而有限元詳細(xì)分析則可更好地反映臂架受力的局部特性。
本課題首先根據(jù)已有的資料進(jìn)行計(jì)算，大致設(shè)計(jì)出臂架結(jié)構(gòu)。然后在ANSYS軟件上建立模型，添加約束和受力情況，分析得到結(jié)果。再進(jìn)行手算，計(jì)算結(jié)果與軟件分析結(jié)果相對(duì)比，突出了ANSYS的強(qiáng)大功能和計(jì)算上的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。相比之下，用有限元的方法速度快，計(jì)算準(zhǔn)確，在結(jié)構(gòu)計(jì)算中值得推崇。

關(guān)鍵詞：履帶起重機(jī)，臂架，有限元，ANSYS

Abstract

Along with the construction and development of everyplace, the places of using crawler cranes are more and more, the environment also is getting more complicated. Beam is mainly carried much load of crawler crane and its strength directly influences the safty of crawler crane. A crawler crane has various combination methods and it makes the establishment of the finite element model be very tedious. This text takes ANSYS as foundation, studying the system parameter of the crawler crane’s arm to turn to set up a mold method and can best raise the efficiency.
The beam of crawler crane is weld by the section steel to form the large space be burliness truss structure, we often use a finite element method to carry on a design calculation in the engineering.
This topic is an adoption to the change structure of beam unit to emulation crane beam’s whole structure according to the be subjected to of Hang structure dint characteristics and built up a kind of simple finite element analysis method, to the crawler crane’s beam structure of be subjected to dint condition and in response to the dint characteristic carry on systematically analytical, result enunciation, the finite element can simply reflect an arm of whole in response to the dint appearance, and the finite element be detailed to analyze then can better reflect the beam partial characteristic which is subjected to dint.
In this topic, at first according to the data we have ,we carry on a calculation and mostly design an arm structure .Then establishment model on the ANSYS software, add to control and be subjected to a dint circumstance, the analysis gets a result .Again carry on a hand calculate ,compared calculation to software results ,it can outstanding ANSYS ’s strong function and calculation up of advantage .We can see, using the method of finite element speeder and more quickly, accurate, worthy of worship in the structure compute..

Key words: crawler crane，beam, finite element method, ansys   

目   錄

中文摘要 I
ABSTRACT Ⅱ
1 緒論 1
1.1概述 1
1.1.1履帶式起重機(jī)介紹 ３
1.1.2應(yīng)用與發(fā)展 4
1.2起重機(jī)吊臂簡(jiǎn)介 5
1.3課題的提出 6
1.3.1課題提出背景 6
1.3.2課題的意義 7
1.3.3課題的預(yù)期目標(biāo) 8
1.4小結(jié) 8
2 有限元軟件ANSYS簡(jiǎn)介..................…………………………………...9
2.1有限元介紹 …………………………………………………………………………………...9
2.2 ANSYS軟件功能 10
2.2.1前處理 11
2.2.2加載及求解 12
2.2.3后處理 12
2.3小結(jié) 13
3 履帶起重機(jī)的總體設(shè)計(jì) ……………………………………………………………14
3.1計(jì)算工況 14
3.1.1靜載荷 14
3.1.2動(dòng)載荷 14
3.1.3載荷分類及載荷組合 14
3.2方案的確定 15
3.2.1技術(shù)參數(shù)的確定 16
3.2.2整機(jī)穩(wěn)定性計(jì)算方法 16
3.3桁架式主臂受力分析 17
3.4臂架總體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 18
3.4.1總體設(shè)計(jì) 18
3.4.2剛度校核 19
3.4.3強(qiáng)度計(jì)算 20
3.4.4總體穩(wěn)定性校核 20
3.4.5腹桿體系長(zhǎng)細(xì)比校核 22
3.5小結(jié) 23
4 模型的建立 24
4.1有限元模型簡(jiǎn)化原則 24
4.2模型的初步建立 25
4.3加載仿真 33
4.4小結(jié) 35
5 有限元計(jì)算 36
5.1軟件運(yùn)行結(jié)果 36
5.2小結(jié) 42
6 結(jié)論 32
6.1結(jié)果分析 43
6.2結(jié)束語(yǔ) 43
參考文獻(xiàn) 44