T68鏜床的控制系統(tǒng)的改造（本科畢業(yè)論文設(shè)計(jì)）

20313字?jǐn)?shù)

摘 要

眾所周知，我國(guó)是世界制造大國(guó)，掌握著全世界制造業(yè)的命脈。我國(guó)制造業(yè)設(shè)備的革新變得越來(lái)越重要，特別是機(jī)床設(shè)備的革新對(duì)制造業(yè)的發(fā)展起著制約作用。機(jī)床行業(yè)近年來(lái)取得的巨大成就。
鏜床作為一種具有綜合加工性能的金屬切削機(jī)床，是精加工設(shè)備之一，是冷加工中使用比較普遍的設(shè)備，其工藝范圍很廣，在整個(gè)制造業(yè)中占有很重要的地位。T68鏜床是目前我國(guó)機(jī)械工廠中使用最為普遍的一種鏜床。鏜床在加工過(guò)程中有很高的精度要求，對(duì)控制系統(tǒng)的要求也很高。傳統(tǒng)鏜床多采用繼電器控制，其電器比較復(fù)雜，可靠性差，故障診斷與排除困難。
針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)繼電接觸控制的鏜床存在電路復(fù)雜、可靠性差、故障診斷與排除困難等缺點(diǎn), 提出了用可編程控制器對(duì)T68鏜床控制系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行改造。介紹了西門(mén)子S7-200 系列可編程控制器（PLC）在鏜床控制系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用, 給出了可編程控制器改造T68 鏜床電氣控制系統(tǒng)的硬件組成和軟件設(shè)計(jì), 其中包括可編程控制器的機(jī)型選擇、輸入輸出地址分配、輸入輸出端接線圖及可編程控制器梯形圖程序設(shè)計(jì)。詳細(xì)地分析了用可編程控制器控制鏜床的工作過(guò)程。說(shuō)明了可編程控制器控制取代傳統(tǒng)繼電器控制的方法, 使得鏜床的可靠性和效率大為提高, 在工業(yè)上有廣泛的應(yīng)用前景。


關(guān)鍵詞：機(jī)床、鏜床、可編程控制器（PLC）

ABSTRACT

It is well known, our country is the biggest manufacturer of the world, hold the lifeline of the world manufacturing industry. Our country manufacturing industry equipment's innovation becomes more and more important, specially the Machine Tools equipment's innovation is restricting the developing of manufacturing industry. In recent years, the Machine Tools profession obtained great achievement.
The boring machine is a synthesis workability metal-cutting machine tool,it is one of precision work equipment and used quite universal in the cold processing, its craft scope is very broad, it is very important in the entire manufacturing industry. The T68 boring machines is the most universal used in our country Machine shop. The boring machines requires the very high accuracy in the processing process and needs very high request to control system. The traditional boring machines was controlled by relay, its electric appliance is quite complex, the reliability is bad, failure diagnosis and remove was very difficult.
For the electric circuit of tradition relay control system of boring machines is complex, its reliability is bad, failure diagnosis and remove was very difficult and so on. Proposed makes the transformation with the programmable controller to the T68 boring machines control system. Introduced the application of the Simens S7-200 series programmable controller (PLC) in the boring machines control system, introduced the hardware composition and the software design of the programmable controller to transform the T68 boring machines electric control system, including the programmable controller's type choice, the input and output allocation, the input and output-port wiring diagram and the trapezoidal chart programming of programmable controller, analyzed the control of boring machines work process with the programmable controller. Explained the method of programmable controller control replacing tradition black-white control, the reliability and efficiency of boring machines is enhanced greatly, it has widespread application prospect in the industry.

Key word: Machine tool, boring machines, programmable controller (PLC)


目 錄

中文摘要 Ⅰ
ABSTRACT Ⅱ
1緒論 1
1.1 PLC的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 1
1.1.1 PLC來(lái)源與發(fā)展 1
1.1.2 PLC的最新發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 3
1.2鏜床概述 5
1.2課題的意義 5
2系統(tǒng)方案的提出 6
2.1 控制系統(tǒng)的要求 6
2.2 系統(tǒng)方案 6
2.3 主要內(nèi)容 6
3 PLC的介紹 8
3.1 PLC概述 8
3.2 PLC的基本工作原理 9
3.3 PLC主要功能 10
3.4 PLC主要特點(diǎn) 11
3.5 PLC應(yīng)用場(chǎng)合 11
4 鏜床電氣系統(tǒng)及電氣原理 12
4.1 鏜床的概述 12
4.2 T68型臥式鏜床電氣控制線路 13
4.3 T68型臥式鏜床電氣控制線路的控制原理 13
4.3.1 主軸電動(dòng)機(jī)M1的控制 13
4.3.2 主軸變速與機(jī)動(dòng)進(jìn)給變速控制 15
4.3.3 幾種運(yùn)動(dòng)的選擇 15
4.3.4 進(jìn)給、快移電動(dòng)機(jī)M2的控制 17
5 鏜床控制系統(tǒng)的改造 18
5.1 了解情況 18
5.2 確定PLC的輸入輸出 20
5.2.1 PLC程序中I/O點(diǎn)的定義 20
5.2.2 PLC與現(xiàn)場(chǎng)器件連接接線圖 21
5.3編制梯形圖 22
5.4 根據(jù)梯形圖寫(xiě)程序 23
6 梯形圖、程序的分析 26
6.1 梯形圖的分析 26
6.2.1 正、反轉(zhuǎn)控制 27
6.2.2 高、低速轉(zhuǎn)換控制 29
6.2.3 反接制動(dòng) 29
6.2.4 主軸、進(jìn)給變速控制 30
6.2.5 點(diǎn)動(dòng)控制 32
6.2.6 幾種運(yùn)動(dòng)的選擇 33
6.2.7 進(jìn)給、快速移動(dòng)電動(dòng)機(jī)的控制 35
6.2.8 聯(lián)鎖保護(hù) 35
6.2程序解讀 36
7 結(jié)論 38
致謝 39
參考文獻(xiàn) 40